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1

Molecular mechanism of salicylic acid-induced abiotic stress tolerance in higher plants

100%
Kang G., Li G., Guo T.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 09
Salicylic acid (SA), a key signaling molecule in higher plants, has been found to play a role in the response to a diverse range of phytopathogens and is essential for the establishment of both local and systemic-acquired resistance. Recent studies have indicated that SA also plays an important role in abiotic stress-induced signaling, and studies on SA-modulated abiotic tolerance have mainly focused on the antioxidant capacity of plants by altering the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes. However, little information is available about the molecular mechanisms of SA-induced abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we review recent progress toward characterizing the SA-regulated genes and proteins, the SA signaling pathway, the connections and differences between SA-induced tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the interaction of SA with other plant hormones under conditions of abiotic stress. The future prospects related to molecular tolerance of SA in response to abiotic stresses are also further summarized.
2

Abscisic acid increases leaf starch content of polyethylene glycol-treated wheat seedlings by temporally increasing transcripts of genes encoding starch synthesis enzymes

76%
Wei L., Wang L., Yang Y., Liu G., Wu Y., Guo T., Kang G.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2015
|
tom 37
|
nr 10
The molecular mechanism of starch synthesis regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) under water deficiency in plants was explored in this study. Starch content in leaves of wheat seedlings hydroponically grown in full-strength Hoagland solution increased quickly, however, 15 % polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water deficiency significantly inhibited starch content. ABA treatment markedly alleviated starch content inhibition in the leaf organ of wheat seedlings suffering from PEG-induced water deficiency. The expression levels of the starch biosynthesis enzyme genes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Under PEG-induced water deficiency conditions, exogenous ABA significantly enhanced transcript levels of many starch biosynthesis enzyme genes at different time points, including TaAGPS2 at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days; TaAGPL2 at 1, 4, and 5 days; TaGBSSII at 2, 3, and 4 days; TaSSI at 1, 3, and 4 days; TaSSIIIb at 1 and 5 days; TaSSIV at 1, 2, and 3 days; TaBEIIa at 1 and 5 days; TaPHOL at 1, 3, and 4 days; and TaDPE2 at 3, 4, and 5 days. Our results indicate that exogenous ABA application increased starch content in the leaf organ of wheat seedlings under PEG-induced water deficiency, possibly by temporally regulating the expression levels of the starch synthesis enzyme genes.
3

Transcriptional profile of the spring freeze response in the leaves of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

64%
Kang G., Li G., Yang W., Han Q., Ma H., Wang Y., Ren J., Zhu Y., Guo T.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2013
|
tom 35
|
nr 02
Measurement of the electrolyte leakage rates in wheat leaves indicated that there was no significant difference in susceptibility to -5 C spring freeze stress among five bread wheat cultivars at the floret primordiumdifferentiating stage of spike development. A global transcriptional profile was created using the Affymetrix Wheat GeneChip microarray for one wheat cultivar (Yumai 34) under -5 C freeze stress. After assaying genes with significant regulation at 1 and 3 days after -5 C freeze stress, we identified 600 genes that were previously annotated as showing changes in expression of at least than two-fold at one or both of the time points. Among these genes, we further analysed 102 genes whose expression levels changed at least eight-fold after 1 or 3 days of freeze stress. These genes encoded an ice recrystallization protein, cold-related proteins, CBF transcription factors, calcium-dependent protein kinases, Na?/H? antiporters, aquaporins, and many metabolic enzymes. The results of this study were compared with those of a previous study on the sub-freeze hardening response in wheat and spring freeze stress in wheat and barley. Many genes, including those encoding WCOR413, LEA, glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, ferritin, aquaporin 2, and a pathogen-induced protein, showed similar expression levels in these studies. Spring freeze stress is a complex phenomenon involving physiological mechanisms and multiple genes that had not been previously characterised.
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