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1

Dietary plasticity in the Ryukyu flying fox on a subtropical island at the northern range limit of Pteropus

100%
Nakamoto A., Kinjo K., Izawa M.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2015
|
tom 17
|
nr 1
Fruit bats are divided into two types of foragers: specialists that use limited core plant taxa, and generalists that use a variety of plants. We examined the food habits of Pteropus dasymallus at two sites with different flora, a forested and an urbanized area in a subtropical island. The plant species used differed between the two sites, and the degree of use of three food types (fruits, flowers, and leaves) also changed. These results suggest that P. dasymallus shows dietary plasticity according to food conditions of living locations. The plant diversity was higher in the urbanized area than in the forested area, however, actual diet breadth (Levins' index) was lower in the urbanized area, due to the intensive use of specific plant species in the urbanized area. The bats used Ficus microcarpa, as a core plant, which long fruiting periods and high abundance in the urbanized area. In addition, we compared these findings on the diet breadths to those reported in other Pteropus species, and suggested that diet breadths of flying foxes might be generalized in subtropics in which food shortages occur irregularly and be specialized in tropics with a high abundance of specific plants with long fruiting periods.
2

Food habits of Orii’s flying-fox, Pteropus dasymallus inopinatus, in relation to food availability in an urban area of Okinawa-jima Island, the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

100%
Nakamoto A., Kinjo K., Izawa M.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2007
|
tom 09
|
nr 1
The diet of the Orii's flying-fox, Pteropus dasymallus inopinatus, a subspecies of the Ryukyu flying-fox, was investigated on Okinawa-jima Island, Japan. The Orii's flying-fox is a generalist forager that feeds on 78 plant species from 62 genera and 43 families. They consume fruits of 53 species, flowers of 20 species, and leaves of 18 species. Cultivated or naturalized plants composed almost half of the diet. Diversity in the diet may be an adaptation to unstable food conditions on this small subtropical island. The number of individual Orii's flying-foxes fluctuated greatly corresponding to monthly changes in food availability, especially that of Ficus microcarpa, which was the animal's main food resource throughout the year. Orii's flying-foxes may adapt to an urban environment by intensively using areas with abundant planted trees.
3

Ranging patterns and habitat use of a solitary flying fox (Pteropus dasymallus) on Okinawa-jima Island, Japan

100%
Nakamoto A., Kinjo K., Izawa M.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2012
|
tom 14
|
nr 2
Most flying fox species (genus Pteropus) exhibit strong coloniality. They are highly mobile animals and commonly forage over vast areas. Only a small number of species are solitary, and their foraging and roosting patterns are not well understood. Here, we examined ranging patterns and habitat use of Orii's flying fox, Pteropus dasymallus inopinatus, a solitary fruit bat, using radiotracking from April 2002 to January 2006 on Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. The daily home range size for this species was very small (mean 52.5 ha) compared to other Pteropus species, although home range size was highly variable among individuals and seasons. The distance between a day roost and feeding trees was 621 m on average, with a maximum of 6,875 m. Day roost site shifted frequently (every 1.6 ±0.8 days) to a nearby site in the current foraging area. The distance between consecutive day roost sites was 792 m on average, with a maximum of 6,000 m. These bats favored forest habitats for roosting sites, whereas they often used residential areas as feeding sites. Our results suggest that they regularly shifted the location of their personal activity range, a small home range with roost switching, probably to track changes in food availability and to avoid local competition for food. The solitary roosting system of this species links to its flexible foraging system, which likely provides an advantage for using limited food resources on a small island, even when food is patchily distributed in urbanized habitats.
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