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Damage to the environment and agricultural lands caused by water and wind erosion are phenomena well known in Slovakia. Wind erosion causes between 10 and 20% of damage and even more on the plains in the south west of the country. The work presents potential hazards and soil transport by wind in individual regions of the investigated part of Slovakia. While discussing the intensity of erosion the most important climatic, soil, geographical and anthropogenic factors affecting its results were considered.
The importance and the need for wetlands protection results from their multifunctionality and values, which are related with hydrology water quality, food web and plants and wild animals’ biotope function. Conservation and rational utilization of wetlands and their sustainable development profit securing, which they provide within water, carbon holding, food, energy, biology diversity is the most heavy commitment of Ramsar Convention. The paper shows the importance, tasks and aims within the fulfilment of this commitment in Slovak Republic.
Soil erosion research nowadays is focused on various impacts of erosion events, starting with erosion causing factors, ending in erosion control measurement applications. Research of soil erosion events can be based on many methods. Using models can help not only in faster evaluation of soil erosion processes but also in obtaining more detailed results of many aspects, for example localization of erosion processes with method of Geographic Information Systems. In this paper we present the impact of accuracy of the input factors for modelling on total intensity and extension of erosion processes in the ground. In modelling the area of water course basin named Bocegaj, the soil loss was modelled according to Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in the successive years (2005 and 2006). The input factor of rain impact was revised in the estimation from the value set by methodology to the value actually measured, calculated and published in scientific literature. According to results of modelling, soil loss transport was increased, acreage of areas with the risk of soil erosion was increased as well and that’s not only in the known areas with soil erosion but also in the new areas. That gives new very important knowledge, that if there were values before revising for the erosion control measurements taken into account, suggested erosion controlled actions wouldn't be satisfying as in size and they wouldn’t cover all areas, what would decrease their meaning. Achieved results on the impact of accuracy estimation of one input parameter to the modelling, show the importance of knowing characteristics of the area and factors influencing erosion processes. From this conclusions result the necessity of continuously revising all input parameters to achieve the best results with erosion modelling in the future.
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