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As in humans, also in laboratory animals, addiction phenotype including drug craving and relapses, develops only in about 20% subjects following initial drug abuse. The aim of our study was to verify if the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm can serve as a model for determination of the variable vulnerability to drug addiction. We used male Wistar rats (250–300 g) housed under standard laboratory conditions. Animals were exposed to either vehicle (n=20) or to the psychostimulant cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip; n=64) during 10 days with CPP. As a result, 15 animals (i.e., 23.4% of all experimental animals) that performed unbiased version of CPP, spent more time in cocaine-paired chamber in test in comparison to pretest (P<0.0005 vs. control); those rats were classified as addiction vulnerable. In conclusion, our results suggest that unbiased conditioned place preference procedure can serve as an animal model for predictive analysis of vulnerability to psychostimulant addiction in rats. Moreover, it also gives the opportunity to study the phenotype of animals (so called addiction-resistant) which did not develop drugassociated environment-linked craving.
Background. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Physical Recreation Programme for the Elderly designed by Ewa Kozdroń intended to improve the functional efficiency and quality of life of women over 60 who participated in the programme. Material and methods. The research involved 73 females aged 60-74 who participated in the Physical Recreation Programme for the Elderly. The research used the author’s questionnaire, i.e. EQ-5D questionnaire and Functional Fitness Tests (FFT). Results. The results of our research confirmed a positive relationship between participation in a regular physical activity, the declared level of functional fitness and the perceived quality of life. Conclusions. A positive relationship was found in the study group between participation in regular physical activity, the declared level of functional fitness and the perceived quality of life.
Background: The aim of the study was to determine the speed and failures of perception and attention among female students of the University of the Third Age (U3A) and their links with physical fitness and mood. Material/Methods: The study involved 114 women aged between 50 and 88 years old (M = 68.17) participating in U3A lectures at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. Perception ability was investigated using Ciechanowicz and Stańczak’s Attention and Perception Test. Physical fitness was assessed with the Fullerton Fitness Test and the Romberg manoeuvre to evaluate the ability to maintain balance. The participants were also assessed with the Matthews, Chamberlain and Jones UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Compared with standard values for adults, the subjects had average perception, slightly slower perception speed and lower failures of attention. The perception speed was negatively correlated with the age and the education level, and positively correlated with static balance and lower body strength. Perception failures were positively correlated with age and negatively with the education level and energy levels at the time of the study. No significant correlation was found between attention and age and the education level, physical fitness and mood at the time of the study; none of the indicators of perception ability were correlated with mood and depression indicators during the previous two weeks. Conclusions: Regular physical exercise in elderly people can be used to maintain physical fitness and perception ability.
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