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The fine surface topography of Oesophagostomum columbianum and O. aspersum, the predominant nematode species of goats in India, has been studied by means of SEM. In O. columbianum the anterior end is bent like a hook; the cephalic vesicle is marked behind by a groove; the lateral alae are present throughout the anterior extremity thereby providing a dorsal curvature to the body; the external corona radiata is seen to consist of 20 elements; and the spicules are long and seen as twisted upon each other. In O. aspersion the external corona radiata comprises 12 elements; the vulva and the anus lie behind a constriction at the posterior extremity and quite close to one another. Characters, such as the amphids, cephalic papillae, prebursal papillae, etc., are elucidated for both species.
Surface microtopographical details of Catatropis indicus inhabiting the intestine of Gallus gallus dom. have been studied using scanning electron microscope. The elongated body of the fluke is free from any spines; however, tegument surrounding the oral sucker is provided with domed uniciliated papillae. Twelve pairs of gland-like ventral papillae are present on each side of the mid-ventral ridge. Four types of tegumental structures viz., blunt elongated, pointed elongated, scale-like short with round tip, and cilia-like densely packed, are present on the ventral surface. The dorsal surface is free of any papillated structures.
The surface ultrastructure of Bourgelatia diducta, a common nematode parasite of domestic pigs in India, was examined with a scanning electron microscope. The anterior end possesses an external corona radiata of 21 elements, 4 cephalic papillae and 2 lateral amphids. The bursa is formed by a longer dorsal and 2 shorter lateral lobes that incorporate a genital cone. The female tail bears a pair of caudal papillae and phasmidial pores near its tip. The vulva appears as a circular, and the anus as a semicircular, opening. The surface ultrastructure of the species studied herein is compared with other members of its family (Chabertiidae), examined previously by SEM.
In Lytocestus indicus putative neurosecretory cells (pNSC) are recognized on the basis of phloxinophilic and fuchsinophilic nature of their cytoplasm; pNSC in L. indicus are dimensionally small. Morphologically, there are four types of pNSC: a-, uni-, bi-, and multipolar cells. They are found both in the cortical and medullary parenchyma of the neck and strobilar regions; in the latter the pNSC occur in close vicinity with the longitudinal muscles and components of the reproductive system.
Calicophoron shillongensis sp. n. occurring in the rumen of Capra hircus in Shillong, India is described. The new species is distinguished from all other members of the genus by the structure of the terminal genitalium (large ventral atrium with no ventral sphincter, weak genital papilla and wall of ventral atrium having no papillae) and the acetabulum (of cotylophoron type), and in having dome-ciliated papillae in the buccal region.
Opisthorchis noverca, a parasite of canine hosts and man, has been recovered from pigs on several occasions. One cow, of a total of 1012 slaughtered cattle, examined in Shillong, India, was found infected with this fluke along with a heavy infection of Fasciola gigantica. A comparative SEM study on the surface topography of the flukes originating from pigs and cattle revealed differences in the shape of the tegumental spines. Opisthorchis infection hitherto has not been reported from bovine hosts.
In order to reveal intra-specific strain variations, if any, morphological and SEM studies were performed on Fasciolopsis buski collected from Sus scrofa domestica in Assam and Meghalaya (India). Specimens of Assam origin showed the typical form of elongated body with unbranched simple intestinal caeca; the general body tegument both on the dorsal and ventral surfaces had transverse corrugations, with isolated bunshaped, round, smooth papillae abounding on the dorsal surface only. The flukes of Meghalaya origin showed an oval body contour, and slightly diverticulated intestinal caeca; the dorsal surface of the body is finely tuberculated but the ventral surface possesses scale-like, blunt papillae with socketed bases.
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