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Evolutionary history of the sable (Martes zibellina brachyura) on Hokkaido inferred from mitochondrial Cytb and nuclear Mc1r and Tcf25 gene sequences

100%

Ishida K., Sato J. J., Kinoshita G., Hosoda T., Kryukov A. P., Suzuki H.

Acta Theriologica

2013

tom 58

nr 1

We examined sequence variation in mitochondrial and nuclear genes of seven species of the genus Martes (Mustelidae, Carnivora): Martes americana (American marten), Martes flavigula (yellow-throated marten), Martes foina (beech marten), Martes martes (pine marten), Martes melampus (Japanese marten), Martes pennanti (fisher) and Martes zibellina (sable), focusing on the phylogenetic history of the Hokkaido subspecies of the sable, Martes zibellina brachyura. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene confirmed the view that the Hokkaido sable population has lower genetic diversity. In contrast, network analysis of a nuclear gene related to coat colour, melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r), revealed two different haplogroups for this population: one shared with that of Russian sables and the other specific to this population but with a close relationship with the American and Japanese martens, implying that these endemic haplotypes are composed of uncharacterised ancestral lineages of a past population. We also examined the sequence variation in a neighbouring nuclear gene, transcription factor 25 (Tcf25), located about 5 kb upstream from the Mc1r gene, and found similar trends. The sable genome leaves the impression that Hokkaido hosted ancient marten lineages, with subsequent recent migrations from the continent. The validity of a candidate Mc1r mutation for the entirely yellow coat observed on Hokkaido sables was also discussed.

Glutamate exocrine dynamics augmented by plasma glutamine and the distribution of amino acid transporters of the rat pancreas

68%

Fukushima D., Doi H., Fukushima K., Katsura K., Ogawa N., Sekiguchi S., Fujimori K., Sato A., Satomi S., Ishida K., Fukushima K.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

2010

tom 61

nr 3

265-271

The nutritional and physiological roles of amino acid (AA)s have been investigated for individual organs. In the current study, we focused on the dynamics of glutamate and transport systems in the pancreas. We employed original procedures to obtain rat pancreatic juice (PJ) subjected to intravenous administration of alanyl-glutamine (AG) for AA analysis. The pancreatic expressions of the transporters were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We found that glutamate was secreted into the PJ in the basal state. The intravenous administration of AG increased the concentration and total amount of glutamate excreted into the PJ. In terms of the transport systems, L-type AA transporter (LAT1) was identified exclusively in the islet cells. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGUT1) and cystine/glutamic acid transporter (xCT) were found in the islet cells. xCT was identified in the duct cells as well, but was not accompanied by the expression of 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) staining in the islets and the acinar cells, similar to neutral AA transporter (ASCT2) or b0,+-type AA transporter 1(BAT1). Excitatory AA transporter (EAAC) was identified only in the acinar cells. Glutamate was exclusively found in the acinar cells. We revealed the novel dynamics of glutamate in the rat PJ. The glutamate secretion into the PJ was augmented by plasma glutamine, indicating the de novo metabolisms of glutamate, together with the local expression of the related transporters.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Theriologica

1 Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

2 Ishida K.

1 Doi H.

1 Fujimori K.

1 Fukushima D.

1 Fukushima K.

1 Hosoda T.

1 Katsura K.

1 Kinoshita G.

1 Kryukov A. P.

1 Ogawa N.

1 Sato A.

1 Sato J. J.

1 Satomi S.

1 Sekiguchi S.

1 Suzuki H.

1 2013

1 2010

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Evolutionary history of the sable (Martes zibellina brachyura) on Hokkaido inferred from mitochondrial Cytb and nuclear Mc1r and Tcf25 gene sequences

Glutamate exocrine dynamics augmented by plasma glutamine and the distribution of amino acid transporters of the rat pancreas