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The aim of this paper was the presentation and comparison of seasonal biogens changes and trophy state classification of two biggest shallow coastal lakes Gardno and Łebsko, located in the northern part of Poland, along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. Measurements were conducted once a month from April to December 2007. For the purpose of this article at each lake one measurement station was selected, to represent well mixed area of the lakes, far from outlet to the sea and rivers. Performed measurements showed that the lakes are similar. The differences, observed between biogens concentration in lakes were statistically insignificant. Seasonal dynamics of nutrients concentration in lakes indicated that the lakes are typical shallow lakes. Moreover, the summer concentration of total nitrogen and phosphorus qualify these lakes as eutrophic.
In 2007, the population of Feral Pigeons in Gdańsk City (almost 500,000 inhabitants) constituted 14 200 individuals. The population density in the built-up areas of Gdańsk (82.2 km²) was estimated at an average of 17.2 birds 10⁻¹ ha, however the highest density occurred in Gdańsk’s city centre area (5.7 km²) – 44 birds 10⁻¹ ha. Blue plumage type pigeons dominated in the population (93%), while black, red and albinotic types were rarely observed. Melanistic birds were more frequently found than blue-bar birds, whose plumage is inherited from the Rock Pigeon. However, blue-bars were more numerous in Gdańsk compared with other pigeon populations in central and northern Europe. Old pre-war buildings were not confirmed as influencing the plumage pattern of pigeons. Melanistic birds were more numerous in old district of Oliwa, whereas blue bars in old Gdańsk city centre. The plumage of pigeons in small flocks of up to 50 birds did not differ from that of pigeons in flocks of over 50 and 100 birds. Blue-bars, checkers and dark checkers did not differ in body mass or breeding parameters. Other causes of polymorphism variation among pigeons in a population are discussed.
The aim of this paper was to determine the nutrient translocations between different chemical forms (mineral and organic), as well as between different parts of a lake system (pelagic and benthic; epi- meta- and hypolimnion) in an annual cycle. Nitrogen and phosphorus content in lakes Jeleń and Mały Borek were estimated in monthly intervals (except periods of ice cover). In both lakes the biggest amounts of pelagic P and N were recorded in autumn. With the beginning of the growth season the quick decrease of P-total in both lakes was observed, attributed to the sedimentation of the particulate organic material. At the end of spring phosphorus resources dropped by about 50%, and the biggest reduction was observed in epilimnion. Translocations of nitrogen during the vegetative period were poorly synchronized with phosphorus translocations. N-total stocks in water column during spring were increasing or stable. The increase was especially intensive in lake Jeleń and was associated with cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation. This process was stopped and nitrogen resources started to decrease when phosphorus resources attained a minimum level. In the second half of summer (before autumn overturn) the amounts of N and P started to increase, due to enhanced migration of nutrients from sediments. During the winter period extensive nitrification was manifested by the downfall of ammonium and simultaneous growth of nitrate stocks. The lakes differ substantially in such features as the levels of ammonium concentration, rate of phosphate and ammonium accumulation in hypolimnion, or intensity of nitrogen fixation. Symptoms of internal loading with phosphorus and extensive nitrogen fixation were found in lake Jeleń, one of the clearest lakes in Poland.
Our paper presents changes in the quality of water in the Bytowa River (in 1975-2003) against the background of changes which occurred in the river basin. The basis for an evaluation of those changes consisted of some physicochemical and bacteriological assays completed as part of a surface water monitoring program run by the Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. Based on the collected information, the evolution of the quality of water in the River Bytowa can be divided into two stages. The first, lasting until the late 1980s, was characterized by steadily increasing river pollution. The second stage was a time of gradual improvement of river water quality, which was a result of several overlapping factors related to the political and economic transformation in Poland. Construction of a municipal wastewater treatment plant as well as much lower quantities of fertilizers applied to decreased areas of farmland meant that loads of contaminants both from urban sources and from agriculture were reduced. The comparison of nutrient concentrations at different control points on the Bytowa suggest that from the mid 1970s to the late 1980s the contribution of municipal loads was increasing, and in the peak period such waste prevailed over non-point pollution along a considerable section of the river. From the late 1980s to 2003 both municipal and non-point pollution loads were decreasing, with the former declining to a much greater extent than the latter. In recent years non-point pollution has been dominant in total pollution load. Bacterial contamination was the only remaining evidence of the unsatisfactory condition of the river.
The study on the occurrence of amphibians in the city of Słupsk (NW Poland) was conducted during their breeding season in 40 water bodies located in a built-up area, at a forest edge, and in a ruderal area of the city. Breeding amphibians were recorded from 27 water bodies, or 67.5% of them. The number of amphibian species varied between 0 and 7, with an average of 2.2, depending on the location and the degree of modification of the water bodies. The average number of breeding species was 1.2 in the built-up area, 2.8 at the forest edge, and 2.3 in the ruderal areas. Breeding amphibians avoided human-modified water bodies, where only 0.6 species were noted as compared with 2.6 species in natural ones. In total, 9 species of amphibians were recorded from Słupsk. The most frequently observed were the common frog and the common toad, less frequently green frogs, the smooth newt, and the moor frog. Infrequently occurred: the common spadefoot, the natterjack toad the fire-bellied toad.
The aim of our study was to analyze the species composition of batrachofauna from urban water bodies and their relationship with habitat conditions. The analysis included 13 water bodies located within the administrative limits of Słupsk city. Characteristics of the water bodies included their morphometric features and physical-chemical parameters of water. Species composition and number of adult amphibians were determined during their breeding season (March-May). A total of 4 amphibian species (Bufo bufo, Lissotriton vulgaris, Rana temporaria, and Rana esculenta complex) were identified. The co-existence of all these species was documented in only one water body, and no amphibians were revealed in another five ponds. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed positive correlations between the composition of batrachofauna and the morphometric parameters of water bodies, hardness, and water temperature. These correlations were the strongest in the case of Rana esculenta complex and Rana temporaria. Furthermore, the composition of batrachofauna correlated inversely with certain chemical parameters of the water, such as the concentration of nitrogen and total phosphorus, and N:P ratio. Moreover, we observed the inverse correlation between the prevalence of Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta, and Lissotriton vulgaris and the concentration of chlorophyll a. In our study, the physical parameters strongly differentiating the composition and abundance of amphibians, whereas chemical parameters of water had only little influence on it.
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