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Issues of transport biofuels sector in Poland in the period 2006-2012 were presented, in particular volume and capacity of production. The current status and proposed regulations in Poland and the EU on biofuels were discussed. Sustainability criteria for biofuels were described. Analysis and assessment of the attractiveness of the biofuel sector in Poland in the period 2007-2013 were conducted.
Sustainability criteria for transport biofuels were discussed. The methodology for calculating greenhouse gas emissions in the life cycle of biofuels on the basis of Directive 2009/28/EC was described. Biograce's method as a tool for the calculation of GHG emissions was described. The results of calculations of CO2 emission reduction for bio-ethanol were presented.
Operating conditions of the sectors of transport biofuels in Poland are dynamically variable. According to the point of view of some manufacturers, rate of change is too high, especially in the area of legal requirements. We can observe negative impact on the value of the sector and therefore, we can notice that investors’ interest in the sectors of transport biofuels there is on the lower level. The results of the study are not encouraging to invest in the sectors of transport biofuels 1st Generation, slightly better situation there is in terms of 2nd Generation transport biofuels.
RNA nucleoside triphosphatases (NTPase)/helicases represent a large family of pro­teins that are ubiquitously distributed over a wide range of organisms. The enzymes play essential role in cell development and differentiation, and some of them are in­volved in transcription and replication of viral single-stranded RNA genomes. The en­zymatic activities of a NTPase/helicase were also detected in the carboxyl-terminal non-structural protein 3 (NS3) of members of the Flaviviridae family. The crucial role of the enzyme for the virus life cycle was demonstrated in knock out experiments and by using NTPase/helicase specific inhibitors. This makes the enzyme an attractive tar­get for development of Flaviviridae-specific antiviral therapies. This review will sum-marize our knowledge about the function and structure of the enzyme, update the spectrum of inhibitors of the enzymatic activities of the NTPase/helicase and describe the different mechanisms by which the compounds act. Some of the compounds reviewed herein could show potential utility as antiviral agents against Flaviviridae viruses.
In the presented study the ribavirin-TP — an established inhibitor of the NTPase ac­tivity of the superfamily NTPase/helicases II — was investigated as an inhibitor of the unwinding activity of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NTPase/helicase. The kinetics of the reaction revealed that ribavirin-TP reduces the turnover number of the helicase reac­tion by a mechanism that does not correspond to that of the inhibition of the NTPase activity. Our results suggest that derivatives of ribavirin-TP with enhanced stability towards hydrolytic attack may be effective inhibitors of the enzyme.
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