INTRODUCTION: The potential use of stem cells in spinal cord regeneration is widely discussed. Xenogenic implantation of antlerogenic stem cell homogenate (ACH) was reported to improve cartilage and cornea regeneration. AIM(S): A multilevel spinal cord reaction assessment to an ACH implantation in a spinal cord injury (SCI) porcine model was undertaken. METHOD(S): ACH (cell line MIC-1; 10×106 cells/ml) was obtained using sonification. Five groups were studied: A-sham, B-negative control, C–E with subdural ACH injection, applied immediately after SCI (C), and 1h (D) and 24 h (E) after SCI. Before (P0), directly after (P1), 2 weeks (P2) and 8 weeks (P3) after contusion, CBC and standard blood biochemistry, TP and CSF pleocytosis, UCHL-1, TNF‑alfa, MBP, IL‑8, IL‑6, IL‑1β in the serum and CSF were compared. The degree of SCI on MRI (1.5T, Philips, Ingenia) and MR-DTI parameters (FA, ADC) were also evaluated. Post-mortem histopathology and IHC labeling for an astroglial (GFAP) and microglial (IBA) reaction were performed. All of the above analyses were double-blind and randomized. RESULTS: The majority of the CSF changes were found only in the late postlesion period (P3). The lack of serum IL‑1β changes during the entire experiment in all animals, together with the HP and IHC findings, point to a lack of pro‑inflammatory reaction to the subdural ACH implantation. Decreased levels of cell degeneration markers (MBP, TNF alfa, IL-8) in the CSF of the animals where ACH was used suggest that it has potential neuroprotective activity. CONCLUSIONS: MR and MR-DTI results and a small astrocyte and microglial response in group C (subdural ACH implantation directly after the SCI), suggest a potential beneficial influence of ACH on the neuronal tissue at the injury site. However, due to the data inhomogeneity, a longer observation on a larger group of animals should be conducted. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: This study was conducted in a National Center for Research and Development project (UOD-DEM-1-352/001) .
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