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The experiment was laid out in a strip-split plot design consisting of 16 treatments with three replications, at NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan during the winter season (October, 2015 to March, 2016). Four different levels of planting geometry (60 cm×30 cm, 60 cm×24 cm, 60 cm×19.5 cm and 60 cm×16.5 cm, representing 55,555, 69,444, 85,470 and 1,01,010 plants ha-1, respectively), two hybrid varieties of maize (Rampur hybrid 4 and Rampur hybrid 6) and two tillage methods (conventional and zero tillage) were used as the treatments. Economic analysis revealed that significantly higher net benefit (NRs. 1,06,692 ha-1 ) was obtained with 85 rather than 55 thousand plants ha-1 (NRs. 79,249 ha-1), but remained at par with 69 (NRs. 92,656 ha-1 ) and 101 (NRs. 96,198 ha-1) thousand plants ha-1. Moreover, the B:C ratio was higher in 85 (2.57) than 55 (2.28), 69 (2.43) and 101 (2.35) thousand plants ha-1. The net returns and B:C ratio (NRs. 97,372 and 2.46) obtained from Rampur hybrid 6 were also higher, but statistically at par with Rampur hybrid 4 (NRs. 90,024 and 2.35), respectively. In addition, net returns and B:C ratio obtained from zero tillage (NRs. 1,03,473 and 2.6) were better than conventional tillage (NRs. 83,924 and 2.22). Thus, both hybrid maize varieties (Rampur hybrid 4 and Rampur hybrid 6) can be successfully grown under a zero tillage system with optimum plant population of 85 thousand plants ha-1 to achieve higher grain yield and better winter season net returns in western Chitwan, Rampur, Nepal.
This study was carried out in Harrabot village of Tarkughat VDC, Paundi and Majuwa village of Sundarbazar Municipality of Lamjung district during 2015/2016. Thirty households (10 HH from each village) who were involved in seed production were purposively selected for survey. The respondents’ knowledge was gathered through focus group discussions and household surveys, using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Seed routine test was carried out in the Agronomy lab of Lamjung Campus. Results revealed that the dominant features of farming in the study areas were small land holdings, fragmented and sloping land with rainfall-dependent farming. Land distribution pattern was 12.93% marginal land, 16.35% upland and 70.72% irrigated lowland. Farmers grew rice, maize, mustard and pulses as major crops and fruits, vegetables, potato and flowers as minor crops. Major cropping pattern were Rice-Mustard-Maize, Maize-Rice-Fallow, Rice-Fallow-Rice etc. Nutrient-poor soils, low pH, farmers' poor access to inorganic fertilizers, soil-depleting cropping patterns, lack of technical knowledge on crop management, soil erosion and degradation are major challenges. Insects, diseases and weeds were major biotic constraints, while lack of irrigation, drought and lack of technical support were major abiotic constraints of rice production. Sukhadhan-2, Sukhadhan-3, Sukhadhan-4, Sukhadhan-5 and Sukhadhan-6 were planted in rain-fed lowland, whereas Ramdhan, Sunaulo sugandha, Loktantra, Sabitri and Makwanpur-1 were grown in irrigated lowland. Seed producers used 39.07% of the land for seed production with 4.78 tons ha-1 of seed productivity. Most of their produced seed was send to Sundar Seed Coop Ltd., Paudibazar, while some seed were stored in their home by using local containers such as earthen pots, plastic drums, metal bins, Dali, Kotho, Bhakari etc. The tested seed quality parameter in the lab showed that the average moisture, purity and germination percentage of the seed samples were 13.87%, 94.13% and 96.72%, respectively.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food and cash crop in Rwanda. The objective of this study was to identify suitable potato varieties for growing under aeroponics production systems. Four commercial potato varieties - Kirundo, CIP 393371-58, Kinigi and Kigega - were evaluated in an aeroponics green house at Rwanda Agriculture Board RAB-Musanze station, from January to May 2016. The study consisted of 30 plantlets per m2. The experimental design was a split plot design with four replications. In an enclosed environment, the supply of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and other nutrients to plants were done by use of a mist nebulizer. The results showed there was an increased vegetative cycle in CIP 393371-58 (with 8.2 cm plant height and 3.3 nodes) followed by Kirundo (1 cm plant height and 1.5 nodes ), Kinigi (27.1 cm plant height and 6.2 nodes) and Kigega (56.4 cm height and 19.3 nodes), respectively. The maturity period of CIP 393371- 58 was 70 days. This was earlier than Kinigi (77 days), Kirundo (112 days) and Kigega (156 days), respectively. The mini-tuber per plant production was also higher in CIP 393371-58 (41), followed by Kinigi (36), Kirundo (28) and Kigega (7), respectively. The data showed that the CIP 393371-58 variety was better adapted to an aeroponics environment than were Kinigi, Kirundo, and Kigega, respectively.
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