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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the origin of breeding bulls on perinatal calf mortality rates in dairy cattle herds. The experiment involved a total of 1257 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows kept in four sheds. The animals were fed a total mixed ration (TMR). Calving took place in a calving pen. Immediately after calving the newborn calves were placed in individual pens and were fed colostrum from their mothers for the first few days of their lives. The effect of calving ease, the origin of sires of cows, and the origin of sires that produced the examined calves on perinatal calf mortality was analyzed in the study. Perinatal calf mortality was determined using a two-point scale as follows: 1) a calf born alive that survived during the first 24 hours after birth; 2) and a stillborn calf or a calf that died within 24 hours after birth. The direct sire effect on calf mortality was evaluated on a population of 100 bulls, fathers of 1257 calves, while the indirect sire effect was estimated on a group of 240 bulls, fathers of 1127 cows. Stillbirths and calf deaths within 24 hours of calving on average accounted for 6.28%. Their percentage increased with a high incidence of dystocia, and decreased in successive calvings. The highest rates of stillbirths and calf deaths within 24 hours of calving (7.07%) were reported following the use of American bull semen, and among daughters of American bulls. The observed differences were statistically insignificant. The high variations of the results of a phenotypic evaluation of bulls with respect to perinatal calf mortality indicate that this trait should be considered in dairy herd improvement programs, and suggests that the country of origin of sires is less important than their actual test scores.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2010
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tom 66
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nr 08
s.566-569,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the origin of service sires on calving ease in dairy cattle herds. The experiment involved a total of 1257 Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows. Variability of traits associated with calving ease was estimated on the basis of direct observation. Calving heifers and cows after the second and third pregnancy lasting at least 260 days were taken into consideration. Twin pregnancies were not taken into account, because by nature they are associated with a high proportion of difficult calvings. The experimental factors were as follows: calving ease (1 - birth independently without human assistance; 2 - birth requiring a little help from one person; 3 - severe birth, requiring the use of much strength and the help of several people; 4 - very heavy labor needing the assistance of a veterinarian, including a caesarean section), the age of the cows (1 - first calving, 2 - second calving, 3 - third calving), the country of origin of 100 sires (France, USA, Poland, Germany) and calf birth weight. Overall, 15.67% of the calvings were considered hard pulls and required the assistance of a veterinarian (10.26% and 5.41% respectively). The number of difficult births decreased in successive calvings. Calving difficulty increased with calf birth weight. Calving ease was significantly affected by the sire. The highest percentage of hard pull and veterinary-assisted calvings (24.79%) was noted in the group of calves sired by a German bull, while the greatest calving ease was reported for American service sires. The high variation in the results of a phenotypic evaluation of bulls with respect to calving ease indicates that this trait should be considered in dairy herd improvement programs, and suggests that the country of origin of sires is less important than their actual test scores.
The experiment was performed on 121 Jersey cows in the years 2003/2004. The aim of this study was to determine the yields of ECM, milk fat and milk protein as well as milk fat content and milk protein content during four successive 305-day lactations as dependent on the genotypes and polymorphic variants of milk proteins. Depending on their genotype, the cows were divided into the following groups: AA, AB, BB and BC. Four major milk proteins were obtained as a result of separation, i.e. LGB, CSN1S1, CSN2 and CSN3. The yields of ECM, milk fat and milk protein increased during four successive 305-day lactations. Cows with the polymorphic fractions LGB AA and AB, CSN1S1 BC, CSN2 AB and CSN3 AA were characterised by the highest productivity. The highest increase in fat content (0.63%) was recorded between the first and second lactation. The LGB AA genotype contributed to an increase in protein concentration, by 0.14%, 0.12% and 0.19% in the second, third and fourth lactation, respectively. In the case of the other fractions these values were as follows: CSN1S1 BC - 0.13%, 0.07% and 0.11% in the second, third and fourth lactation, respectively, CSN2 AA - 0.09%, 0.20%, 0.08% and 0.04% in the first, second, third and fourth lactation, respectively, and CSN3 BB - 0.11%, 0.16% and 0.10% in the second, third and fourth lactation, respectively.
Podjęto badania w celu określenia przydatności buhajów rasy belgijskiej biało-błękitnej do krzyżowania towarowego z krowami czarno-białymi. Analizowano: indeks unasiennień, liczbę wycieleń krów, długość trwania ciąży, masę ciała krów, ich kondycję po wycieleniu oraz masę ciała cieląt mieszańców po urodzeniu i ich żywotność. Wybrane krowy do inseminacji nasieniem 11 buhajów rasy belgijskiej biało-błękitnej były wieloródkami. Miały stosunkowo małą masę ciała przy dość dobrej kondycji. Mała masa ciała krów nie wpłynęła na przebieg porodów i żywotność urodzonych cieląt mieszańców. Przebieg porodów był normalny, a urodzone cielęta mieszańce charakteryzowały się dobrą żywotnością. Nie wykazano jednoznacznego wpływu buhajów na przebieg wycieleń krów i jakość cieląt.
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