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Watermills were established in places where three types of landscape could be found: the cultural landscape (connected with cultivation or urbanisation), the natural landscape (forest or marshy meadow) and where the original landscape had been preserved (forest). The shaping of the landscape under the influence of the action of watermills most often involved its modification through the introduction of anthropogenic components - they did not disturb its natural rhythm. The location of watermills outside existing settlement centres meant the initiation of the process of anthropogenisation of the landscape. In such cases, a cultural landscape of mill settlements was formed in the area of the original landscape. It was formed both within settlements situated in river valleys and outside them. In the initial phase the extent of these anthropogenic geocomplexes was demarcated by a linear border, in accordance with the assumptions of the localisation of the settlement. Later, when their spatial development took place, it was replaced by a border zone with a complex structure. Its significant feature was an instable balance between the fairly stable system of the natural geocomplex and the unstabilised anthropogenic system.
Poland became a member state of the European Union on 1 May 2004, twelve years after entering into negotiations related to the Europe Agreement. From the Brussels' perspective, the 2004 enlargement is both the success of the 15 'old' member states and the 10 'new' member states. The evidence of the positive balance of the enlargement process can be found in the indicators provided in the economic reports of the time. In accordance with the opinions expressed by the majority of Poles, joining the EU has been advantageous for the country. This does not mean, however, that all the economic expectations of the nation have been fulfilled. The feeling that the national identity is under threat has not ceased. It seems crucial therefore to undertake activities in order to increase the level of teaching of those school subjects which influence profoundly the knowledge on the homeland as well as shape the civic attitudes. Undoubtedly, geography belongs to those subjects. The long-lasting discussion over teaching geography of Poland has brought the following canon of the student's knowledge of their own country: - students should know the selected issues of both physical and socio-economic geography of their home country; - students should know the basic features of the relief of the selected geographical regions of their home country; - students should gain basie knowledge on their home region - their 'small homeland'; - students should study the vast materiał on the potential and actual role of their home country both in the European Union and in the world.
Leisure-time behavior, including tourist activity among contemporary adolescents has raised great interest of scientists and the representatives of the tourism industry. Not only it is important to estimate the rate of tourism activity among adolescents, but also it is necessary to bear in mind the analysis of behavior shaped on account of their gender, place of residence, or level of education. An attempt to conduct such a study was made on the basis of survey data obtained within the group of 1,067 junior high school students of the selected voivodeships in Poland. The results obtained clearly indicate that almost 1/4 of the students surveyed had not participated in tourist trips. This was particularly noticeable in the case of boys and students living in rural areas. It is important to take broader steps to stimulate young people’s needs for tourism and sightseeing. First of all, from the family which is considered a social institution, it is expected to raise young generations in the spirit of tourism and active leisure. Family’s contemporary problems: increasing poverty, or even its (partial) marginalization are commonly disregarded. A systemic approach (support for families by schools, social organizations, and government units) appears to be a successful solution, but it is a long-term and complex process.
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