The level of Pb, Cu and Zn was determined in 30 cows and their offspring which were pastured in the surroundings contaminated by copper-works. The process of transmission of Pb, Cu and Zn to foetuses during pregnancy and after parturition to calves with milk was observed. The concentration of Pb in the blood of calves in the second day of postnatal life showed a positive correlation (r=0.619) with the level of Pb in the blood and milk of their mothers. The content of Pb in the blood in the second day of post- -natal life was significantly higher than that in the 3rd and 6th day of life. The level of Cu and Zn in the blood of cows and their offspring was similar and did not change with age of calves.
The content of Pb in the muscles of wild boars shot near the copperworks was determined. It was found that a mean level of Pb slightly exceeded the concentration accepted as admissible for food. However, around the bullet wound the content of Pb was over 2000 mg/kg. Therefore the tissue should be cut out at least at the distance of 15 cm from the center of a rifle-shot wound.
Milk yield of all the cows from selected herds, kept in various areas polluted by a copper smelter was analysed. The herds studied were divided into 3 groups according to the degree oat pollution of the area. Milk yield of 625 cows was examined. The cows started production in 1978-82 and followed the first three lactations. Milk yield was corrected for the season and age of calving. The data enabled the calculation of the means of milk and fat yield for various groups of cows and the estimation of significance of differences. The studies have shown the differences in annual yield and full lactation yield among the cows kept in various areas. The lowest milk and fat yield was found in the area characterized by the highest pollution with heavy metals. The lowest increase in milk and fat yield was abserved in the third lactation compared to the first one. The results have proved unfavourable effect of a copper smelter on milk yield of the cows kept in the vicinity of a copper smelter.
Монкевич E., Ячевский С., Павлина Э., Радзанов- ская Г. — Влияние эмиссии медеплавильного завода на содержание свинца, меди и цинка в кормах, крови и органах коров. Авторы исследовали в ближайшем соседстве медеплавильного завода содержание свинца, меди и цинка в кормах, а также крови, печени, почках и избранной мышце скота, пользуемого в 3 зонах загрязнения. Оказалось, что уровень вышеупомянутых элементов в кормах сравнительно высок, подвергается постоянной кумуляции и зависит от зоны загрязнения. Уровень свинца в крови скота был обусловлен расстоянием от завода, зато не отметили этой зависимости в случае ионов меди и цинка. В печени, почках и мышце скота появились существенные разницы в содержании свинца в зависимости от зон загрязнения. В органах коров, пол:зуемых на самом близком расстоянии от завода, появились довольно значительные гистопатоло- гические изменения, вызванные, вероятно, большим накоплением ионов свинца. Следует признать, чго район в ближайшем соседстве завода сильно деградирован, что нашло соеподтверждение в настоящих исследованиях.
The effect of heavy metals emitted by the copper works on the course of parturition and post parturition was studied. One stated, that a heavy metals exhausted from industry, negatively influenced a parturitions in cows causing more frequent parturition complications, affecting post parturition excretion and delaying uterus involution. Results of study confirm the previous reports of authors concerned the negative influence of heavy metals on cows fertility.
The morphological picture of spermatozoon from Black-White bulls housed in different environmental conditions was investigated. Obtained results indicate, that the industrial pollutions could have an impact on the significant elevation of spermatozoon, in which the primary and secondary defects were found. Another factor influencing the proportion of pathological forms of spermatozoa was the season of year ; the highest mean percentage of anomaly forms ocurred in semen was examined during the winter time. Not significant differences was revealed for morphological picture of semen obtained from 24 and 3-months old bulls.
The analysis concerned 543 intercalving and interpregnancy periods and insemination indices in Lowland Black and White cows utilized between 1973-1980 in seven breeding farms situated in various distances from the copper mill in Głogów. On the basis of pollution maps the breeding farms were divided into 3 zones depending on intensity of emission. The aim of the investigations was to find out whether any differences existed between some chosen indices of fertility in cows kept in an environment polluted with heavy metals. Regardless of the distance of the areas where the cows were utilized from the emission source the fertility indices exceeded the values generally accepted as optimal.
1283 cows of black-white lowland breed kept on state farms in the areas of various pollution degree were studied. Three groups of herds were distinguished according to the degree of pollution: the cows following the first lactation, the cows that began their milk production in 1973-80 and culled in 1974-84. The following data were determined for each cow: the age of the first calving, the lenght of performance, life time and life yield. Moreover, the reasons of culling were determined as well. It has been found that in all polluted areas the lenght of life and performance is too short. The cows kept in the most polluted area have the shortest time of performance / 3,16 y/. The cows beginning their milk production in 1977-80 had the shortest life time and performance. In those cows, the age of the first calving tended to increase. The cows kept in the most polluted area had the lowest milk and fat yield /9075 kg and 373,7 kg respectively/. Barrennes was the most frequent reason for culling in all the herds studied.
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