Acoustic methods are the most effective in underwater search; nevertheless, their application in the southern Baltic is a far more complex task then under oceanic conditions. The knowledge of acoustic wave propagation under water finds a twofold application in the Navy. Firstly, it serves the purpose of increasing the possibilities of detection, observation and identification of objects moving under water, and secondly, it is used for passive defence by minimising the acoustic field of one’s own vessel. The paper presents results of research on conditions of acoustic wave propagation in the southern Baltic. The characteristics of acoustic climate of the Baltic and its anomalies has been prepared on the basis of echo ranging and hydroacoustic research from 1902-2004. Moreover, the effect of variability of spatial distribution of sound velocity on the propagation of acoustic waves has been shown, which determines the range of hydroacoustic devices and also the hydroacoustic field range of one’s own vessel.
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