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Role of Nanoplanktons in Marine food-webs

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Nanoplanktons are ubiquitous protozoan zooplankton in a size range of 2 to 20 μm, play key ecological roles in aquatic ecosystems. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates are distributed through the continental shelf and margin area of the oceans as well as deep-sea. These organisms contribute significantly to the total living biomass within these systems, serve as the major top–down control on bacterial assemblages, and are an important source of mortality for microalgae and other heterotrophic nanoflagellates. From many recent studies, it is generally accepted that HNF is one of the most important bacterial consumers. They also function as important remineralizers of organic matter and nutrients in aquatic systems. In accordance with these important ecological roles, heterotrophic nanoflagellates have been the subject of considerable study both in the field and laboratory.
This study reports a comparison of differential physiological and biochemical changes in two Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars viz. CS-52 (salinity tolerant) and Ashirwad (salinity susceptible) after 15 days of gradual increase in NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution. The increase in the NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution was as follows: 25 mM for 2 days, 50 mM for 2 days, 75 mM for 2 days, 100 mM for 2 days, 125 mM for 2 days, and 150 mM for 5 days. After 15 days of salinity stress, we observed a sharp decline in dry matter content and leaf area in Ashirwad. These effects were, however, less pronounced in CS-52. Under high salinity conditions, CS-52 maintained a better physiological status as determined by higher relative water content, higher water use efficiency, and lower leaf temperature and electrolytic leakage ratio, compared to Ashirwad. CS-52 was also observed to be more efficient regarding gas-exchange parameters (stomatal conductance and transpiration) and photosynthetic capacity. Moreover, salt-induced changes in accumulation and distribution patterns, and the ratios of major macro- and microelements were recorded to be more favorable in CS-52 compared to Ashirwad. The study also revealed that salinity-induced relative changes in the concentrations and compositions of biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, and structural rearrangements in the side chains of proteins were less prominent in CS-52 indicating better preparedness and thus more adaptability of CS-52 towards salinity.
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