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The relative roles of nitrogen and phosphorus in the limitation of phytoplankton growth in Narva Bay, south-eastern Gulf of Finland, were studied by combining the results of numerical modelling and nutrient enrichment experiments.Mo delled biomass-based intracellular nutrient concentrations (nutrient functions) were used to estimate the limiting nutrient in Narva Bay.Nutr ient functions – NF ∈ [0; 1] for nitrogen and PF ∈ [0; 1] for phosphorus – define the dependence of the phytoplankton growth rate on nutrients: NF = PF = 1 corresponds to nonlimitation of phytoplankton growth by nutrients, whereas NF = 0 or PF = 0 to zero growth.T he biotests indicated the response of phytoplankton growth to an increase in nutrient concentration in the surrounding water.Thr ee locations were selected for detailed analyses of temporal variations in the nutrient functions: the offshore station N12, station N8 at the mouth of the River Narva, and coastal station 38.T he biotests were performed at the same stations. NF and PF reached values of 0.9 prior to the spring bloom. With the onset of the spring bloom, NF decreased rapidly and remained below 0.1 in the open part of Narva Bay for the rest of that period.I n the coastal zone, NF was in excess of 0. 1, with a local maximum in the river mouth area. PF decreased to 0.3–0.4 in the open bay after the spring bloom.I n the coastal zone PF remained above 0.4, with a certain increase from the midsummer minimum towards the end of summer.The numerical modelling results clearly show that nitrogen limits phytoplankton growth in Narva Bay.Ph osphorus limitation may occur only for a limited period and over a limited area at the Narva River mouth and other coastal locations.I n general, the biotests backed up the modelling results, the main exception being in the open bay during summer.The model does not account for nitrogen fixation, however.S ince N-fixing cyanobacteria were prevalent in the offshore area, the addition of phosphorus led to enhanced phytoplankton growth at station N12.
Wind, flow and wave measurements were performed in November–December in 2008 in the relatively narrow and shallow Suur Strait connecting the waters of the V¨ainameri and the Gulf of Riga. During the measurement period wind conditions were extremely variable, including a severe storm on 23 November. The flow speed along the strait varied between ±0.2 m s−1, except for the 0.4 m s−1 that occurred after the storm as a result of the sea level gradient. The mean and maximum significant wave heights were 0.53 m and 1.6 m respectively. Because of their longer fetch, southerly winds generated higher waves in the strait than winds from the north. All wave events caused by the stronger southerly winds induced sediment resuspension, whereas the current-induced shear velocity slightly exceeded the critical value for resuspension only when the current speed was 0.4 m s−1. A triplenested two-dimensional high resolution (100 m in the Suur Strait) circulation model and the SWAN wave model were used to simulate water exchange in 2008 and the wave-induced shear velocity field in the Suur Strait respectively. Circulation model simulations demonstrated that water exchange was highly variable, that cumulative transport followed an evident seasonal cycle, and that there was an gross annual outflow of 23 km3 from the Gulf of Riga. The horizontal distribution of waveinduced shear velocity during the strong southerly wind event indicated large shear velocities and substantial horizontal variability. The shear velocities were less than the critical value for resuspension in the deep area of the Suur Strait.
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