The paper presents a qualitative assessment of the butterflies (Lepidoptera) diversity in Trzemeszno and its vicinity (eastern part of Wielkopolska), based on data from the 10-year field record (2003–2013). Within this period 44 species were recorded. The most interesting and endangered species are described in detail.
The aim of this study was estimation of total cadmium content and its fractional composition in arable soils, depending on their physicochemical properties. The research material consisted of samples taken from arable soil in 81 points within then Podlasie Province. The content of total cadmium in soils and its fractional composition was determined with the BCR method. It was found that the total content of cadmium was typical for uncontaminated soils and ranged from 0.11 to 1.59 mg kg⁻¹. The percentage of acid in the soluble and exchangeable fraction fluctuated at around 10% on average. The reducible fraction comprised about 20% and oxidizable fraction 26%, on average. Most of the cadmium was in the residual fraction. The factors that influenced the fractional composition of cadmium were determined. For the very light and light soils it was mainly the content of magnesium and pH, while for medium soils it was the organic carbon and magnesium content, content of soil fraction <0.02 mm, as well as the percentage of Cd in reducible fraction.
The aim of our study was to estimate the influence of mineral fertilization on the contents of various lead, cadmium, and chromium forms in the soil. It was based on a field experiment of ten plots. In average soil samples taken in 2002-04, the pseudo-total lead, cadmium, and chromium content was determined. Chemical forms of these metals, by modified BCR method, were also determined. The lead content in particular fractions can be arranged quantitatively (average values) in order as follows: F2 (26%)>F3 (16%)>F1 (2%), in the case of cadmium: F2 (27%)>F1 (17%)>F3 (5%), and in the case of chromium: F3 (5%)>F2 (3%)>F1 (0.2%). The accumulation of lead, cadmium, and chromium in the soil during the experiment was observed. After the third year of experiment the most mobile cadmium and chromium forms (soluble + exchangeable fraction) increased, while in the case of lead they generally decreased.
The aim of our study was to estimate the influence of mineral fertilization on the contents of various copper and nickel forms in soil. It was based upon a field experiment made up of ten plots. In average soil samples taken in 2002-04, the pseudo-total copper and nickel content was determined. Chemical forms of these metals, by modified BCR method, were also determined. The nickel content in particular fractions can be arranged quantitatively (average values) in order as follows: F2 (21%) > F3 (18%) > F1 (8%), in the case of copper: F2 (37%)>F3 (14%)>F1 (11%). The accumulation of nickel in the soil during the experiment was not observed. Whereas slight copper accumulation in some plots (with Polifoska 6, Polimag 305, calcium sulfate tetraurea and phosphogypsum) was noted. During the experiment the most mobile nickel and copper forms (soluble + exchangeable fraction) increased.
W 2000 roku przy skrajnych warunkach atmosferycznych (niskie opady) przeprowadzono badania nad zadarnianiem powierzchni bocznych (skarp) wysypiska odpadów komunalnych w Hryniewiczach koło Białegostoku. Do uszlachetnienia podłoża stanowiącego jałowy grunt, zastosowano osady ściekowe w dawkach: 10, 20 i 30 t·ha⁻¹ s.m. Poletka doświadczalne zostały obsiane czterema rodzajami mieszanek sporządzonych z 10 gatunków traw i 2 roślin motylkowatych. W roku zasiewu oceniono wschody, zadarnienie i udział wysianych gatunków w zbiorowiskach roślinnych. Pomiary biometryczne wykazały, że w trudnych warunkach pogodowych uzyskano wschody w zakresie 50 - 68%. Zadarnienie powierzchni przez wysiane gatunki wynosiło 55%. Z zastosowanych gatunków najbardziej przydatnymi okazały się w pierwszym roku po wysiewie: Lolium westerwoldicum, Lolium multiflorum i Festuca rubra. Na poletkach o słabym zadarnieniu pojawiały się chwasty: Sonchus oleraceus, Echinochloa crus-galli i Chenopodium album. Na doświadczeniu nie stosowano nawodnień deszczownianych.
The aim of this study was estimation of total copper content and its fractional composition in arable soils in the Podlasie Province. It was found that total content of copper was typical for uncontaminated soils. In very light and light soils, more copper in available and potentially available fractions has been noted, by contrast in medium soils – in residual fraction which is unavailable for plants.
The aim of this research was to determine the total content of zinc and its fractions in arable soils of the Province of Podlasie (województwo podlaskie) and to assess the correlation between the zinc content, its fractions and physicochemical properties of soils. The research material consisted of samples taken from arable soils in 81 points of the province, with one point chosen in the majority of the districts. Each point was located on mineral soil used as arable land, without any external source of contamination like roads or industrial plants. Samples were taken after harvest, from the arable layer, determined to lie within the depth of 0-30cm. The samples were submitted to determinations of the basic physicochemical properties of soil. The content of total zinc was determined after mineralization in aqua regia, by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry method. The content of zinc fractions was determined by the BCR method. There were four fractions determined: exchangeable, bound with oxides and hydroxides, bound with organic matter and residual zinc. The physicochemical properties of soils were highly differentiated except the grain-size composition. The content of total zinc was typical of arable uncontaminated soils and fluctuated in a wide range. The content and shares of zinc fractions in total zinc were as follows: for very light and light soil: organic>bound with oxides and hydroxides>exchangeable>residual; for medium-heavy soil: organic>exchangeable>bound with oxides and hydroxides>residual. Distribution of zinc in particular fractions was dependent to some degree on pH, content of organic matter and grain-size composition.
Social media are used to create and spread content in the Internet. Because of their wide possibilities, they are used by various institutions to promote their products and campaigns. Recently the State Forests have started to use such information tools more and more willingly. Aim of presented research was to analyze and to evaluate the level of using opportunities that Facebook gives to the State Forests. Results show that more than 50% forest districts have profile on Facebook. Median of likes for the fanpage is 1295. It was observed, that profiles, which exist longer, have more fans. Also fanpages, which are characterized by a high frequency of adding posts, are more popular among Internet users. Additionally we examined the influence of number of hashtags on the profile’s success as well as engagement rate and average post length. Based on number of likes, 5 most popular fanpages were selected for separate analysis. Using the obtained results, a list of recommendations for administrators was created, which can help to more effectively conduct activities on Facebook.
Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o doświadczenie polowe założone na glebie o składzie granulometrycznym piasku słabo gliniastego. Schemat doświadczenia obejmował następujące obiekty - 0, NPK, słoma + wywar melasowy, słoma + N, wywar melasowy, trociny z tartaku + wapno defekacyjne, trociny z rzemieślniczego zakładu meblarskiego + wapno defekacyjne, wapno defekacyjne, obornik. Obiekty te były powtarzane 3 razy. Wiosną wysiano lędźwian siewny odmiany Derek. Stwierdzono, że stosowane odpady w małym stopniu różnicowały zawartość żelaza w nasionach lędźwianu, a w większym stopniu jego zawartość w słomie. Zawartość miedzi w nasionach była również mało zróżnicowana w zależności od nawożenia, natomiast trociny wyraźnie ograniczały jej ilość w słomie. Zawartość cynku i manganu zarówno w nasionach, jak i słomie wyraźnie była mniejsza z obiektów, gdzie stosowano wapno defekacyjne, a najwyższa w roślinach z obiektu ze słomą + N. Wywar melasy zmniejszał zawartość manganu i żelaza w słomie lędźwianu.
This article studies the effect of light and high temperature on various parameters describing the growth and development of bird cherry ermine moth (Yponomeuta evonymellus L.) – the main pest of bird cherry (Prunus padus L.). We found that light significantly influences the moth masses and dynamics of their development. Moths developed from larvae feeding on leaves growing in full light conditions have a higher mass and shorter time of adult eclosion from pupa in comparison with larvae feeding on leaves growing in shade. However, extremely high summer temperature significantly disturbs pupation process in Y. evonymellus population. Our laboratory experiments indicate that a critical temperature is 36°C. Above this threshold the percentage of pupation drastically decreases (from ca. 70% to 35%). The conditions of intensive sun are better for some parameters of growth and development of bird cherry ermine moth. On the other hand, extreme summer temperatures, related with global warming, may restrict the occurrence of Y. evonymellus gradation.
One of the most dangerous pollutants in the atmosphere is particulate matter (PM), which can be suspended in the air for weeks and has a negative impact on human health when inhaled. The most effective method for clearing the air of PM is through phytoremediation, whereby plants act as biological filters. PM also has a negative impact on plants, but knowledge of the effects of PM on the photosynthetic apparatus is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the accumulation of PM in the context of leaf morphology and the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in two shrub species with different types of leaves – Physocarpus opulifolius and Sorbaria sorbifolia – both commonly planted along busy roads in urbanized areas. The study was conducted under controlled conditions using three variants of PM (construction, cement, and roadside PM). Results showed that S. sorbifolia accumulated higher amounts of PM than did P. opulifolius, likely because of its more complex leaves. The higher presence of PM on leaves of S. sorbifolia resulted in a reduction of the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll a fluorescence. A strong negative correlation was found between the amount of PM accumulation and the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in S. sorbifolia, and a similar weak correlation was found in P. opulifolius.