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An attempt was undertaken in this work to characterize the imission field of the PM10 particulate matter in the Warsaw area, based on measurements coming from 11 stations located in area, and from 4 stations outside Warsaw belonging to the Voivodship Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Warsaw. The analysis concerns the 2004-06 period. Basic descriptive statistics of the concentration were calculated, the daily (24 hrs) averaged courses were studied in the whole experimental period for the cold (Oct.-March) and warm (April-Sept.) seasons, rose diagrams of particulate matter concentration percentages and of pollution plume rate percentages were made, and an effort to visualize the spatial distribution of particulate matter over the Warsaw area was made, on the basis of PM10 particulate matter concentration values registered at the stations mentioned above. As a result of the executed analyses it was found that the existing measurement network of PM10 is insufficient for a precise recognition of the imission field. It is necessary not only to extend the network of monitoring stations, especially in the Warsaw districts located on the right bank of the Vistula River, but also to include all vital meteorological parameters and particulate matter qualitative analyses into the range of measurements. In relationship to a high level of PM10 concentrations occurring in the area of the whole city, the authors propose publicizing measurement results. The analysis of pollution plumes, which was possible only for two monitoring stations located in the northern and southern parts of the city, enabled the authors to focus on substantial causes for increased PM10 concentration in that regions.
Wind Energy – assessment of resources and investment problems in renewable sources of energy based on the commune Latowicz. The topic of investment in renewable sources of energy is presented in this work. As the example wind power plant is analyzed. The work outlines political-economical background that infl uences the situation of renewable sources of energy segment. Legal determinants to develop and invest are described also. The way that investor has to pass from the idea to the moment of return on investment is shown on particular example. It is explained how to choose right location for the wind power plant. The possibilities of location due to environmental and administrative issues are discussed. The potential of wind use is analyzed on the basis of the data got from Meteorology and Climatology Institute of Warsaw University of Life Science as the appendices to the dissertation the reader fi nds set of fi lled applications for the energy production permit.
The purpose of the work is to evaluate the variability of bioclimatic conditions and their diversity in areas of a different degree of anthropogenic transformation. An important element of the work is to determine frequency of certain biothermal conditions in the analysed areas, strongly exposing the human body to heat and causing thermal stress of a various intensity. The most important meteorological parameter considered in this paper was the air temperature, because out of physical stimuli it is the one which is most intensely perceived, especially when its fluctuations occur at short-time intervals. The research was based on the meteorological data made available by the Voivodship Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (WIOŚ). The data come from automated measurement stations operating as part of air quality monitoring system, located in different districts of Warsaw and outside the city. Each of the stations is marked by individual features resulting from a different degree of anthropogenic transformation of the closest surroundings.
Jednym z czynników wpływających na dyspersje zanieczyszczeń w powietrzu, wyminę materii i energii między podłożem a atmosferą jest stan równowagi atmosfery. Istnieje wiele metod oznaczania stanów równowagi, które w różny sposób wykorzystują i przetwarzają dane o podstawowych elementach meteorologicznych. Stąd też określenie stanów równowagi wykonane różnymi metodami może dawać różne rezultaty. W niniejszym opracowaniu określono stan równowagi atmosfery za pomocą metody opartej na wyznaczeniu parametru długości Monina – Obuchowa w stacjach położonych w różnych warunkach: Ursynowie (położonej w obrębie miasta) i Legionowie (położonej poza miastem). Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że charakter stanów równowagi atmosfery występujących na dwóch rozpatrywanych stacjach jest zbliżony w okresie dnia, z wyraźną przewagą równowagi obojętnej i odmienny w okresie nocy.
In this paper, monthly precipitation sums, measured at Ursynów WULS – SGGW station in the period 1960–2009 were analysed. The coeffi cient of the variability of yearly precipitation sums was calculated and the linear trend of yearly precipitation sums was examined. The method of Kaczorowska (1962) was applied to classify months and years in respect of precipitation quantity. A detailed analysis was performed also on daily maximum precipitation sums for years 1980–2009. The probability of maximum daily precipitation occurrence was calculated for various intervals of the precipitation and for different seasons of the year.
The Biebrza River valley is the most valuable wetland’s complex in Poland. The biodiversity of endangered plants and animals observed in this region is outstanding. The lower river valley is considered as one of the most natural wetland area in Europe since, only small reach of this valley was drained. The conservation of this valuable object depends also on maintaining of high soil moisture, therefore the knowledge about the water balance dynamic of this ecosystem seems to be crucial. The evaporation process is a common element of both water and heat cycles thus wetland surface heat balance studies will be helpful for modeling of local hydrological conditions. The paper presents the methodology of grassland ecosystem heat balance structure research which have just started at the Biebrza River valley. The automatic measurement system was developed at the Division of Meteorology and Climatology, and it is consisted of net radiometer – net radiation measurement, heat fl ux plates – soil heat fl ux density measurement, 3D sonic anemometer used for direct measurement of sensible heat fl ux (eddy covariance approach). Two thermohygrometers were installed additionally, which allow to estimate the latent heat flux density using the Bowen ratio method.
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