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1

The effects of stress on synaptic transmission and plasticity in rat frontal cortex

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Bobula B., Wabno J., Tokarski K., Godek-Michalska A., Hess G.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2012
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tom 72
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nr 2
Chronic stress and elevated level of corticosterone have been implicated in a variety of pathophysiological processes including mood disorders. A growing body of evidence links cognitive dysfunctions with abnormalities of excitatory transmission in the brain. We studied glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the frontal cortex after exposure of rats to two different types of stress: crowding and restraint. Additionally, repeated corticosterone administration was employed as a model of non-adaptive stress. Electrophysiological experiments were performed on ex vivo frontal cortical slices prepared 24 h after last stress session. In slices originating from stressed and corticosterone-treated animals the amplitude of extracellular field potentials recorded in cortical layer II/III was increased and the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) was decreased. Whole-cell recoding from layer II/III pyramidal neurons demonstrated corticosterone treatment-induced increase in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs). These data point to an enhancement of excitatory transmission in the frontal cortex resulting from an increased glutamate release as a common effect of different types of stress. Support: grant POIG 01.01.02-12-004/09-00 from the European Regional Development Fund
2

Restraint stress enhances excitatory but not inhibitory synaptic transmission in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of the rat

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Kusek M., Tokarski K., Bobula B., Godek-Michalska A., Hess G.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2012
|
tom 72
|
nr 2
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is the main regulatory center of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. One important function of PVN neurosecretory neurons is the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) to the pituitary gland. This study was aimed at establishing the effects of restraint stress on GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs to parvocellular neurons of the PVN. Male adult rats were subjected to restraint in metal tubes lasting for 10 min, 2 times daily (repeated for 3 consecutive days). Whole-cell recording were performed from parvocellular neurons. Spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) were recorded from cells which were voltage clamped at 0 mV and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were recorded at −76 mV. The amplitude and the frequency of sIPSCs and sEPSCs were measured. Restraint stress resulted in an increase in the frequency of sEPSCs while the amplitude of sEPSCs was not altered. Also the parameters characterizing sIPSCs remained unaltered. Thus, restraint stress selectively enhances excitatory input to the paraventricular nucleus of the rat, most likely via a presynaptic mechanism. Support: POIG 01.01.02-12-004/09-00 awarded by the European Regional Development Fund
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