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In this paper, chemometric approaches based on cluster analysis, classical and robust principal component analysis were employed to identify water quality in Daya Bay (DYB), China. The results show that these approaches divided water quality in DYB into two groups: stations S3, S8, S10 and S11 belong to cluster A, which lie in Dapeng Cove, Aotou Harbor and the north-eastern part of DYB, where water quality is related mainly to anthropogenic activities. The other stations belong to cluster B, which lie in the southern, central and eastern parts of DYB, where the quality is related mainly to water exchange with the South China Sea. Cluster analysis yields good results as a first exploratory method for evaluating spatial difference, but it fails to demonstrate the relationship between variables and environmental quality on the one hand and the untreated data on the other. However, with the aid of suitable chemometric approaches, the relationship between samples or variables can be investigated. Classical and robust principal component analysis can provide a visual aid for identifying the water environment in DYB, and then extracting specific information about relationships between variables and spatial variation trends in water quality.
Vertical variations of bacterial community composition in the South China Sea was investigated on 18 September 2009 by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and analyzed by multivariate analysis. Twenty-seven sequences retrieved from DGGE bands fell into five groups based on BLAST analysis. The dominant bacteria were Cyanobacteria (35.7%) and Proteobacteria (39.2%). The DGGE profile showed Proteobacteria mostly obtained from samples from the deeper layers while sequences related to Cyanobacteria only existed in the euphotic layer. Other phylogenetic groups have been identified as Firmicutes (10.7%), Actinobacteria (7.1%), and Deinococcus-Thermus (3.6%). The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean has been employed to cluster the samples, and results indicated that all samples tended to group together on the basis of depth and could be further subclassified into two subgroups: Group I (including samples from 0 m, 50 m, 75 m, 100 m, and 150 m) and Group II (including samples from 200 m, 400 m, 500 m, 600 m, 700 m, and 900 m). Canonical correspondence analysis revealed the temperature was the most significant factor in determining the vertical distribution of the bacterial community (P=0.018, P<0.05).
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