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A new feather mites species, Proctophyllodes cetti sp. nov., is described from Cetti's warbler, Cettia cetti (Temminck, 1820) (Sylviidae) from Kazakhstan. The standard morphological description is supplemented by cytochrome subunit oxidase I sequence data (DNA barcode).
Protective transgenes introduced into plants can be classified as directed against insects, fungi, bacteria or viruses. Mechanisms by which they protect plants in some cases are relatively simple and understood while in most cases they present only the field of rapidly progressing investigations. A brief review of the recent concepts of the resistance induced in plants against viruses by virus-derived transgenes is presented with emphasising the RNA mediated resistance. The RNA mediated resistance seems to operate in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed in our laboratory with cDNA of the PPV CP gene: both translatable and untranslatable versions of the cDNA made the transformed plants resistant against PPV. The resistant plants contained more than one copy of the transgene. To protect against insects plants were in our laboratory transformed with potato proteinase inhibitor II gene (PPI-II). The PPI-II gene expressed in model plants inhibited trypsin activity to an expected level.
Xoloptes blaszaki, a new species of the feather mite family Pterolichidae (Pterolichoidea), is described from wing feathers of the Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa (L., 1758) (Phasianidae). Fusion of epimerites I and presence of a retrograde ventrobasal apophysis on tibia II in males of the new species differentiate it from the only other described species of Xoloptes (X. claudicans (Robin, 1877)), in which males have free epimerites I and thickened apico-ventral parts of tibiae II. The standard morphological description is supplemented by cytochrome oxidase I sequence data (DNA barcode).
Microstoma protracta (Fr.) Kanouse is a strictly protected species in Poland, which is also present on the red list with the category R (rare). In Poland, there are five known localities for the species, including four historical sites discovered at the beginning of the twentieth century and one contemporary site discovered at the end of the twentieth century. In this paper, we present two new localities for M. protracta, discovered in April 2006 in Czeszewo (Wielkopolska Lowland, Jarocin Forest District) and in April 2017 in Krakow-Tyniec (Krakow-Częstochowa Upland, Myślenice Forest District). Sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions of sporocarps from contemporary localities have been deposited in the GenBank database. This is the first record of the DNA barcode for this species. According to Criterion D of the IUCN recommendations, it has been suggested that M. protracta should be considered as a critically endangered species (CR: D) in Poland.
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