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It has been found that under solar irradiation the temperature of the insolated side of stems may be up to 12HC higher than that of the air. The temperature of the shaded side of the stems is 2 - 3 °C lower than that of the insolated side. The temperature of the leaves exposed to sun may be up to 8°C higher than the open air temperature, while that of the shaded leaves is up to 5°C lower. Investigations on the effect of temperature on the photochemical activity of chloroplasts have shown that in April and June the optimal temperature for photochemical activity of chloroplasts isolated from bark falls within the range 25-35 °C, and in November - in the range 25-30°C . The optimal temperature for the activity of chloroplasts isolated from leaves is 35°C. Solar irradiation when warming the stems and leaves also increases the activity of chloroplasts. Only on hot summer days at noon is temperature of the insolated bark higher than the optimal one, resulting in a decrease in chloroplasts activity.
Investigations were carried out in July on leaves of lilac variously situated in the head on the crown. Net photosynthesis was registered from 6 hr to 20 hr. The insolated leaves in the top part of the crown showed maximum photosynthesis between 8 hr and 11 hr, afterwards the intensity of photosynthesis decreasing in spite of the high intensity of irradiation in the midday hours. The insolated leaves located in the lower part of the crown showed maximum photosynthesis at the time of the greatest incident irradiation of the leaf. Shaded leaves, inside the crown, demonstrated the highest net photosynthesis between 8 hr and 15 hr. This amounted to about 20% of the maximum photosynthesis of insolated leaves. Starch was present in the leaves both during the day and night. Before sunrise starch represented 6% of the dry weight of insolated leaves and 3% of the shaded leaves. In the insolated leaves since sunrise its content quickly increased up to 13-14% and remained at a slightly decreasing level till evening hours. Sunset was followed by a rapid decrease in the starch content in the leaves. In the shaded leaves, throughout day, the starch content remained at a constant level (3%). Intensive photosynthesis of the lilac leaves causes a great accumulation of starch in the insolated leaves during the day. It is the main cause of reduction in the intensity of photosynthesis.
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