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A characteristic of apparent and true depth of illuminated zone in 12 recreationally used lakes of western Poland during the summer was conducted. Depth of photic zone derived from using underwater spherical quantum sensor of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The effects of dissolved and suspended optically active substances (chlorophyll a, turbidity, total suspended sediment, dissolved substances) on light conditions in the trophic types of lakes were analyzed. Lakes were divided into three trophic states: mesotrophic, eutrophic, and hypereutrophic. Additionally, the content of some optical features of water in zone of swimming versus to lake were analyzed. Turbidity of water was mainly related to the TSS, especially in swimming zone. The large differentiation the depth of illuminated zone within the meso- and eutrophic lakes was noted. The mesotrophic lakes were characterized by greater depth of PAR than lakes of higher trophy. In hypereutrophic lakes with high content of chlorophyll and turbidity in the sub-surface layer the disappearance of light was rapidly below the surface.
The objective of the study was to estimate transport of dissolved organic carbon from the area of cormorant colonies located in northern Poland. The investigations were carried out on two morphologically differentiated colonies located on lake islands. In the case of the colony characterised by significant slope inclination – the main path of transfer of water and DOC was surface runoff. During the breeding season, surface runoff waters from the cormorant colony contained an average of 380 mg DOC dm⁻³. In the case of the colony with small land elevation, surface transfer of DOC occurred mainly via shallow groundwater. Average concentration of DOC in groundwater of that colony was 64 mg DOC dm⁻³.
Variation of the chemical composition of bottom sediments collected from three lakes with different water mixis, morphometric parameters, catchment areas and anthropogenic pressures was analyzed. Sediment samples were characterized by water content and concentrations of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron and aluminium. Statistically significant correlations between the content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus were found. In a large and deep lake (dimictic) subjected to limited human impact, the tendency changes of chemical composition along the sediment profile indicates a recent considerable increase in water trophy. In a small mid-forest lake (classified as meromictic), the changes in chemical composition of bottom sediments along with depth point to periodical increases in fertility as a result of wastewater inflow. In a large mid-field lake (polymictic), the analogous variation has indicated disturbances in the mechanism of sediment formation.
Temporal and seasonal variability of hydrochemical properties in a deep, highly eutrophic lake was presented. It was shown that the feedback between the biocenosis and abiotic properties was of key importance for the lake environment, especially for features shaped by oxygen content. During vegetation season in a shallow trophogenic zone supersaturated with oxygen, quick depletion of some nutrients (mineral forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon) were noted. In a tropholytic zone, which constituted the major part of the lake water column, the mineralization of organic matter concentrations of mineral compounds were high. This layer was completely and permanently deoxygenated (anoxia). The reductive conditions intensified the release of biogenic compounds from bottom sediments. Many correlations between abiotic properties of water reflecting the complex interrelationships between biocenosis and biotope were stated. The relationship between photosynthesis and alkalinity and calcium distribution in the water column also was explained. On the basis of historical data (since the 1930s), tendencies of temporal changes in lake water chemistry were discussed as well as causes and effects of eutrophication.
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