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Glandular cystic hyperplasia of endometrium/pyometra complex (GCHE-PC) in bitches is a disease which presents several diagnostic and prognostic challenges. The complex pathological process and systemic manifestations of the disease, the potential need for emergency treatment and the owner's desire to maintain the breeding performance of the bitch, are all factors that should be taken into consideration. This review aimed at conducting a thorough diagnostic plan in order to achieve several parameters related to the monitoring and the subsequent treatment of cystic glandular hyperplasia of endometrium pyometra complex. Detailed information on the history and the clinical findings of sick bitches facilitated making an initial selection into two groups: those referred for surgical treatment and those referred for medical treatment. This selection was further clarified by ultrasonographic imaging procedure. USG was found to be an accurate diagnostic tool because of its high level of correlation to patho-anatomical findings. USG facilitates distinguishing densities of the uterine content, internal uterine wall structures and uterine wall thickness.In this study it was found to be a valuable tool in determining the ideal treatment programme and estimating the prognosis for each given case. Ultrasonography proved to be more precise and conclusive than roentgenology in determining the type and location of the pathological process and the extent of the lesion. This review recommends the most potent antibiotics that may be used either concurrently with prostaglandin therapy or in cases when emergency treatment is indicated in bitches with advanced GCHE-PC.
The aim of the study was to determine the degree of phagocytic activity of neutrophils, lymphocyte histogenesis and total immunoglobulin level in six bitches with glandular cystic hyperplasia - pyometra complex (GCH - PC) before and after ovariohysterectomy in comparison to healthy dogs. Haematological study showed significant increases (P<0.005) in the white blood cell count and neutrophilia. After ovariohysterectomy these parameters gradually returned to normal. The phagocytic ability (expressed as phagocytic activity PA and index of phagocytic activity IPA) of neutrophils was impaired in bitches wit GCH - PC and has improved during the therapy. The degree of concanavalin A induced lymphocyte blastogenesis expressed as a stimulation index was significantly (P<0.005) depressed in affected bitches and after surgical treatment had not reached values comparable with that found in healthy dogs. The level of total immunoglobulins was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at the beginning of observation and gradually increased after treatment. The results of the present study have provided usuful information for diagnosis and prognosis of GCH - PC in bitches because the success of the treatment and recovery from the GCH - PC is in direct relation with the optimal condition of the immune system.
The aim of this article is to obtain the correct specification of reference ranges of TT4, fT4 and cTSH with regard to the influence of physiological factors on thyroid gland functioning, including breed size, age and season. The reference range for TT4 was divided according to the size of the dog breeds. In large breeds, over 27 kg of live weight, it should be represented by the interval TT4 = 17-43 nmol/l; in medium size breeds, from 12 to 27 kg of live weight, it should be TT4 = 23-50 nmol/l and in small breeds, up to 12 kg of live weight, the reference range should move within TT4 = 27-55 nmol/l. The reference range of free thyroxin does not depend on the size of the breed and it is represented by a uniform standard: fT4 = 10-22 pmol/l. The reference level for cTSH in healthy dogs should not exceed cTSH = 0-0.35 ng/ml.
The specific and non-specific immune response after antirabies vaccination was studied in young dogs with altered immune functions suffering from endoparasitoses and compared with those in healthy dogs. The degree of the immunosuppression was confirmed by functional test of phagocytes and proliferation activity test of lymphocytes. The study indicates an association between parasitized animals, and a depression in the immune responses. Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina and Trichuris vulpis were the most prevalent parasite species. During the experiment no anthelmintic treatment was applied. In puppies suffering from immunosuppression significantly lower specific antibody level after antirabies vaccination was demonstrated on day 28. In such case of known immunosuppression it is recommended to repeat antirabies vaccination; primovaccination does not provide satisfactory protection. Anthelmintic preventive treatment may be necessary to improve the immune responses to antirabies vaccination and provide effective protection.
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