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Acute phase proteins became an interesting point of investigations also in veterinary medicine. In the last several years, there has been considerable progress in studies on the understanding of their functions, and influences on the organism. The benefit to laboratory and clinical diagnosis of diseases has been established also. In general, the acute phase response is a result of proinflammatory cytokines being secreted into the circulation from sites of infection or inflammatory lesions. Among the many pathophysiological responses of an animal to stimulation, there is an increased production and secretion of some plasma proteins from the liver, which are known in generally as acute phase proteins. Despite the uniform nature of the acute phase response, there are numerous differences in the production of acute phase proteins between various animal species. In bovine medicine, the principle acute phase protein to be used is haptoglobin in conjunction with serum amyloid A, which are elevated in some important bovine inflammatory diseases such as laminitis, metritis, or mastitis, as well as in some physiological conditions. Investigations over the last decade have shown that the quantification of their concentrations in plasma or serum can provide valuable diagnostic information in the detection, prognosis and monitoring of disease. Moreover, monitoring the blood concentrations of acute phase proteins can provide additional information on the progression of the inflammatory reaction. The circulating concentration of these proteins is related to the severity of the underlying condition and thus quantification of their concentrations provides a ready means of evaluating the presence and extent of the disease processes causing the response.
In this study we examined the serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzyme patterns in 28 calves of a lowland black spotted breed and its crossbreeds at the age of 2-6 months suffering from clinically noticeable manifested respiratory diseases – bronchopneumonia (BRD Group). As a control group we used 35 clinically healthy calves of the same age, breed and nutrition (Healthy Group). The sick calves did not show clinical signs or pathological lesions on other organ systems. The results found in sick calves showed a significantly higher total activity of LDH than in clinically healthy animals (P<0.01). The mean activity of LDH was 2012 U/l in healthy calves and in calves with respiratory diseases 2529 U/l. The differences in all LDH isoenzyme patterns between both groups of animals were significant (P<0.001) and in calves with respiratory diseases are characterized by a marked increase of the LDH 1 fraction and a decrease in the proportion of the other four LDH isoenzymes. Our results differ from those observed and presented in respiratory diseases in human medicine or in sheep. The explanation for the obtained results in calves and the determination of their diagnostic significance needs further studies and investigations using more animals with various severity of clinical signs and pathological changes, including analysis and determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in healthy and affected cattle lung tissue.
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