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1
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The occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in soils from mid-field woodlots and adjacent small-scale arable fields

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Tkaczuk C., Krzyczkowski T., Wegensteiner R.
Acta Mycologica
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2012
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tom 47
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nr 2
The aim of this study was to compare the species composition and the intensity of entomopathogenic fungi occurrence in the soil from mid-field woodlots and adjacent small farmlands. The study material consisted of soil samples taken from a mid-field woodlot and an adjacent small-scale arable field in three different localities in the vicinity of Siedlce. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from soil using two methods: the insect bait method and the selective medium. The comparative study showed that the soil from mid-field woodlots was characterized by a richer species composition of entomopathogenic fungi than of adjacent arable fields. A total of six fungal species representing the anamorphs of Hypocreales (Ascomycota) were isolated from the soil collected from mid-field woodlots: B. bassiana, B. brongniartii, M. anisopliae, M. flavoviride, I. farinosa and I. fumosorosea. The presence of only three species was reported in the farmland soil: B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and I. fumosorosea. This fact confirms the important role of semi-natural habitats as a source of biodiversity of entomopathogenic fungi in agricultural landscape. It was found that entomopathogenic fungi together formed more colony-forming units in the soil from arable fields than that of neighbouring mid-field woodlots. B. bassiana was the species of fungus which infected more bait insect larvae and formed significantly more colony-forming units (CFU) in the soil from mid-field woodlots than that of farmland in the localities studied, whereas the trend was the opposite in the case of I. fumosorosea and M. anisopliae. Given the presence of entomopathogenic fungi in the farmland soil in the three test places together, it was found that I. fumosorosea was dominant in the soil from the two arable fields, where this fungus infected more G. mellonella larvae and formed significantly more CFUs than the other species of fungi. M. anisopliae was the second most frequently isolated farmland species.
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The influence of selected pesticides on the colony growth and conidial germination of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill.

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Tkaczuk C., Krzyczkowski T., Gluszczak B., Krol A.
Progress in Plant Protection
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2012
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tom 52
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nr 4
The use of pesticides is still a basic method for the pest control in agricultural crops. Therefore, an important issue is to investigate the effect of chemical treatments on entomopathogenic fungi in order to determine the possible use of these beneficial microorganisms in integrated plant protection programmes. In the laboratory conditions the effect of eight pesticides added to the culture media, including three fungicides: Rovral Flo 255 SC, Score 250 EC and Topsin M 500 SC, 2 insecticides: Fastac 100 EC and Pirimor 25 WG and 3 herbicides: Roundup 360 SL, Stomp 400 SC, Targa Super and 0.5 EC, on the growth of the colony and conidial germination of the fungus Beauveria bassiana was examined. The B. bassiana colony growth and germination of conidia was the most reduced by the presence of fungicides Topsin M 500 SC and Score 250 EC in the culture media. Insecticides relatively the least inhibited the growth and germination of spores of B. bassiana, which suggests the possibility of their combined use with biopesticides based on this fungus. Herbicides, especially Targa Super 0.5 EC and Stomp 400 SC, at the recommended field dose adversely affected both the colony growth and conidial germination of the fungus. Among the tested herbicides, Roundup showed the least toxic activity against B. bassiana.
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Pathogenicity of selected strains of entomopathogenic fungi to tetranychid mites (Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions

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Tkaczuk C., Krzyczkowski T., Majchrowska-Safaryan A.
Progress in Plant Protection
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2018
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tom 58
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nr 3
4
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Extended studies on the diversity of arthropod-pathogenic fungi in Austria and Poland

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Tkaczuk C., Balazy S., Krzyczkowski T., Wegensteiner R.
Acta Mycologica
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2011
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tom 46
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nr 2
Results of studies on diversity of arthropod-pathogenic fungi in selected habitats in Austria and Poland carried out in the years 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 are discussed. In total 47 species of entomopathogenic fungi were found as pathogens of different arthropods in Austria. Twenty six entomophthoralean species from different insects and one species from mites were identified and 16 of them are recorded as new to Austria. From among 21 species of anamorphic Hypocreales (Ascomycota) affecting arthropods in Austria, 13 species so far have not been known from this country. In total 51 species of fungi affecting different arthropods in Poland were recorded, among them 28 species of Entomophthorales and 23 anamorphic Hypocreales were separated. The most frequent species of the entomopathogenic fungi both in agricultural and afforested areas in Austria were the common and usually worldwide distributed cordycipitaceous anamorphs Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and in areas of this study less numerous I. farinosa. The most frequent pathogens occurring in mite communities on plants and in wood infested by insects were Hirsutella species. Several entomophthoralean species developed epizootics that caused high reduction in host populations of different arthropods in both countries. Especially interesting is the first record of mycoses (up to 60% mortality), caused by Zoophthora spp. on Phyllobius beetles in a mixed forest near Białowieża. During our joint research, we found the first time in Poland and Europe, the presence of the fungus Furia cf. shandongensis on earwigs and Hirsutella entomophila on Ips typographus adults in forest habitats. From the feeding sites of the latter bark beetle and other subcortical species in oak bark (mostly Dryocoetes villosus) and D. alni in black alder over a dozen of various Lecanicillium strains - including few of the features not allowing to classify them to any of so far known species – were isolated both from the scolytids and from accompanying them mites, but these materials have now been successively elaborated. From the commonly occurring in these materials acaropathogenic species Hirsutella cf. brownorum, H. minnesotensis, H. nodulosa and H. rostrata, the two latter infected also adult bark beetles, whereas from the larvae and pupae some supposed nematophagous anamorphs were isolated, among them Harposporium janus and Haptocillium sp.
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