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Cataglyphis zakharovi, a new workerless socially parasitic species is described. C. zakharovi was collected in the nest of C. setipes Forel in Turkmenistan. New species similar to C. hannae - another socially parasite, described by D. Agosti from Tunisia, and easily differentiated from species of bicolor group by small body size.
Monomorium perplexum sp. n. from Transcaucasus and Islands of Aegean Sea is described. M. dentigerim (Roger) and M. evansi Donisthorpe are redescribed; females and males of M. criniceps, Mayr. are described first. M. perplexum differs from species of scabriceps group (except M. muticum Emery from Burma) by the absence of the long acute denticles on the anterior clypeal margin; it differs from M. muticum by smooth dorsum and sides of promesonotum. M. dentigerim and M. evansi are excluded from scabriceps group and are united to the dentigerim group. Key of species of the two groups is compiled.
The ant genus Pristomyrmex Mayr (subfamily Myrmicinae) comprises about 60 extant species, distributed almost exceptionally throughout the tropics except for Central and South America. Single known fossil species from this genus, P. rasnitsyni Dlussky et Radchenko, was previously described from the Late Eocene Scandinavian amber. Here we described two new extinct species: P. elmesi sp. nov. (worker) from the Rovno amber, and P. archaios sp. nov. (male) from the Bitterfeld amber. P. elmesi differs from P. rasnitsyni by the somewhat smaller size (2.4 mm vs. 3 mm), by the slightly elongated, not transversal head (HL/HW 1.02 vs. 0.95), by the somewhat longer antennal scape (SL/HL 0.75 and SI7HW 0.77 vs. 0.72 and 0.68, respectively), by the much shorter, straight and thin propodeal spines (ESL/HW 0.12 vs. 0.25), by the absence of meadial tooth on the anterior cypeal margin, by the another type of mandibular dentation, and by the longer mesosoma. Male of P. archaios differs from all extant species by the presence of two closed cells, 1r+2r and mcu, on the forewing, while forewing of the modern species has only one closed cell, lr+2r. We consider such kind of forewing venation as the plesiomorphy compare to extant Pristomyrmex species.
Two extinct genera of ants from the late Eocene (ca. 40 Ma), Protomyrmica gen. nov. and Plesiomyrmex gen. nov. (family Formicidae, subfamily Myrmicinae), are described based on single specimens (males), from Baltic and Bitterfeld (also called Saxonian) ambers respectively; both genera belong to the tribe Myrmicini. In gross morphology they are similar to modern Myrmica but have a series of apomorphies combined with characters that are plesiomorphic not only in the tribe Myrmicini, but also in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The most significant plesiomorphies concern the antennal structure and wing venation of both genera. The antennal scape is short and the funiculus is filiform, having no apical club. Moreover, the antennae of Protomyrmica are “sphecoid” with the length of the funicular segments gradually decreasing towards the apex (i.e., the longest is basal, starting from the second, and the shortest is apical); this type of structure is basal for the family Formicidae as a whole. Although we consider the wing venation of Protomyrmica to represent the prototype of wings in the subfamily Myrmicinae, it has an apomorphy absent in the modern Myrmicini genera—the antennae are inserted into the head well behind the posterior margin of the clypeus. Plesiomyrmex also has a peculiar apomorphy not found in any other genus of Myrmicinae: the antennae are inserted into toruli located on short sub−vertical tube−like or cup−like structures that protrude distinctly above the head surface. As a result, we do not consider either of the newly described genera to be the direct ancestors of modern Myrmicini; nevertheless, the presence of very ancient plesiomorphies may indicate their antiquity, and thus the latest estimated time for the origin of the tribe Myrmicini should be at least the early Eocene.
Two new Myrmica species (M. titanica and M. yamanei) are described from the mountains of Northern Vietnam, and their taxonomic status is discussed. Also, the first report of M. serica from Vietnam and a new report of M. ritae from Thailand are recorded.
Three new Myrmica species (M. sinensis, M. angulata and M. draco) are described from the Southern China. Their taxonomic position is discussed and some ecological data for M. serica is provided. All the species belong to the ritae-group of Myrmica.
The types of several Aenictus species are studied, and differences between A. rhodiensis Menozzi and related species, A. dlusskyi Arnoldi and A. vaucheri Emery shown. A. maroccanus Santschi is excluded from the genus Aenictus Shuchard, 1840. A first record of Aenictus rhodiensis from Turkey is reported.
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