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Regulatory effect of CD25, an activation antigen the alpha subunit of interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) on the activity of natural killer (NK) cells was studied in fifty elderly (57-70 years old) and fifty young people (19-35 years old). Cytotoxic NK activity was assessed by 51Cr release assay, the levels of interleukin 2 (IL2) and tumour necrosis factors alpha (TNFalpha) were measured using bioassays and expression of CD16 and CD25 proteins by flow cytometry. Low NK activity in the elderly was associated with decline of full health, lowered serum concentration of IL2 and increased production of TNFalpha during NK reaction. Inhibition of TNFalpha activity by anti-TNF monoclonal antibody suppressed exclusively NK activity of low NK responders. Moreover, stimulation in vitro of blood mononuclear cells, with TNFalpha induced in the elderly low NK responders a significantly higher increase of the CD25 expression on the surface of NK cells as compared with that in the elderly high responders. Since the CD25 molecule constitutes a subunit of the high affinity receptor, binding IL2 to immunocompetent cells, its increased expression on NK cells of low NK responders would enable them to bind even low amounts of the endogenous IL2 available in this group of the elderly. Thus, an overproduction of TNFalpha seems to be a mechanism compensating, in the non-fully healthy elderly, for the decreased IL2 production, promoting efficient cytotoxic reaction.
The incidence of diabetes type 1, a chronic autoimmune disease, may reach the status of an epidemic in the 21st century. The highest incidence of diabetes in the world is observed in Finland. However, in the last 8 years a dynamic rise has been observed in Poland, moving the country toward an intermediate level incidence classification. Environmental factors seem to play a part in the observed increase in diabetes incidence both in Poland and in the world since, by acting on genetically predisposed ground prompt to auto-aggression, they may provoke disease occurrence. The study was carried out on a group of 511 children aged 0-15 years (255 girls and 256 boys). During the period of analysis (1998-2005) almost a two-fold increase in the diabetes incidence rate was observed (1998-10.4 vs 2005-20.4). The identification of all the factors increasing the risk of diabetes mellitus type 1 shall allow for understanding of diabetes ethiopathogenesis, and thus might create a chance for development of new prevention strategies.
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