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Both ethylene and the enzymes of ethylene synthesis are subjects of intensive scien­tific investigation. The present review discusses structure, catalytic activity and evo­lutionary relationships of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, identified for the first time in ripening tomato in 1979. This enzyme is responsible for the conver­sion of «S-adenosyl-L-methionine to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, which is the key step of ethylene synthesis in higher plants. The role of this enzyme (especially in the fruit ripening) was demonstrated in 1991 in transgenic tomato plants, express­ing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase antisense RNA. On the basis of mu- tagenesis and crystallization of the enzyme, new data were provided on the three-di­mensional structure and amino-acid residues which are critical for catalysis. The con­trol of ethylene production is of great interest for plant biotechnology because it can delay senescence and overmaturation. These processes are responsible for large loss of vegetables and fruit on storage. Detailed structural and biochemical data are neces­sary to help design 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase inhibitors, whose ap­plication is expected to have immense agricultural effects.
On the right upper limb, during laboratory dissection the low division of the common trunk of the musculocutaneous nerve and the lateral root of the median nerve, low fusion of two roots of the median nerve as well as accessory heads of the coracobrachialis and biceps brachii muscles were found. The axillary and brachial arteries showed abnormal course.
This paper describes a rare case in which the left subclavian artery originates from a common stem arising from the aortic arch and splits into a brachiocephalic trunk and a left subclavian artery. The course of other large vessels of the aortic arch in this case are typical.
The purpose of this study was to trace the histological structure of the transverse ligament of the knee and its relation to the inferior lateral genicular artery. Investigations were carried out on 20 lower limbs (10 males, and 10 females) from the Department of Anatomy. It was found that close to the attachment of the transverse ligament to the menisci, bundles of fibres pass in vertical, oblique and horizontal directions, occupying a wide area on the anterior margin of the menisci. These fibres intermingle with bundles of the fibrocartilage of the menisci. In the area of the lateral attachment the inferior lateral genicular artery passes anteriorly to the transverse ligament, giving off numerous branches to the ligament. The medial part of the transverse ligament presents a thick rounded structure, surrounded by loose connective tissue. The fibres are arranged irregularly in bundles running horizontally on a tortuous course and with single spindle-like cells with darkly stained nuclei. The cells are not found at the ends of the ligament. Numerous blood vessels are observed between the bundles of fibres and on the periphery of the ligament.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the occurrence of variants of anomalous insertions of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus in human knee joints. The study was carried out on 78 human lower limbs of both sexes (42 males and 36 females). Out of 78 knee joints, 10 knee joints (12.82%) presented atypical attachments of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. In 9 cases we found that the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was attached to the transverse ligament of the knee and in 1 case it was attached to the coronary ligament. In the remaining cases the anterior horn of the medial meniscus was attached to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia.
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