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The parameters of length–weight relations for Anatolian khramulya, Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843) from 10 inland bodies of water of the Samsun Province, Northern Turkey were presented. The b values of the length–weight relations ranged from 2.5444 to 3.3517. For nine freshwater resources in Samsun, this study is the first reference on length–weight relation of Capoeta tinca.
Splenic artery embolisation can be performed preoperatively in an attempt to decrease thrombocyte destruction, or as an alternative to surgery, to obtain partial or total organ ablation. During this procedure, it is very important to deliver embolising agents distal to the origin of pancreatic branches to avoid the risk of pancreatitis. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the splenic artery and its branches is required to achieve safe embolisation. The purpose of our study is to measure the average distance between the origin of the last pancreatic branch and the splenic hilum in digital angiograms and cadaver specimens.
Background: Spine is a column that consists of consecutively lined up vertebras. It includes medulla spinalis. It contributes the motions of head, neck and body. Spine is not a straight column. There is a convexity towards the front of the spine (lordosis) at cervical and lumbar areas in adults and a convexity towards the back of the spine (kyphosis) at thoracic and sacral spine areas. Materials and methods: In this study, lateral magnetic resonance images of 731 children between 1 and 16 years of age were examined and their cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles were measured with Cobb method using ImageJ programme for every age group. Results: The mean calculated cervical lordosis angles in 1–16-year-old children were found to be 20.51º ± 6.11º (minimum 17.96º ± 6.29º, maximum 23.50º ± 4.14º). It has been observed that cervical angle values decrease with age. The mean thoracic kyphosis angle measured was 28.71º ± 6.99º (minimum 24.55º ± 5.65º, maximum 30.44º ± 4.68º). Lumbar lordosis angle was 28.08º ± 7.39º (minimum 20.36º ± 6.59º, maximum 32.68º ± 6.03º). Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angle values increased with age. In our study, a statistical difference was found in increasing thoracic kyphosis angle between 1-year-old group and 14-year-old group. Statistical difference was also found in decreasing cervical lordosis angle value between 1-year-old group and 16-year-old group. When we compare our study results with literature values, cervical lordosis values were similar, but lumbar lordosis values were lower. Conclusions: In summary, we think that knowing sagittal plane inclinations of the spine developing in childhood and adolescence will contribute to earlier determination of pathologies. We also hope that it will contribute to clinical stages and other studies in this field. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 1: 47–53)
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of electromagnetic fields ELF-EMFs generated by 170 kV (50 Hz) high power lines on the epididymal sperm characteristics, biochemical parameters testosterone levels and histopathology of testis. The experimental group consisted of 28 adult male rats placed in an cottage 7.5 m far from transfer lines transferring 170 kV (50 Hz) energy. They were randomly divided into four groups of 7 rats’ each. Group 1, 2 and 3 were exposed continuously (24 hr) to ELF-EMF (48.21 ± 1.58 mG) for 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. The rats of group three served as the control and were placed in laboratory conditions without a magnetic field. Insignificant (p > 0.05) decreases were determined among the groups in terms of reproductive organ weights, testes dimensions and epididymal sperm concentration and sperm motility, and an insignificant increment was observed in abnormal sperm rates in relation to the varying periods of exposure to the ELF-EMF. Although marked reductions (p < 0.001) were observed among the groups in relation to plasma and testis catalase activity, depending on exposure time, no significant differences were found in terms of glutathione and malondialdehyde levels. In the light of Johnsen’s testicular biopsy score the mean scores of groups 1, 2, 3 and control were determined as 9.24 ± 0.08, 8.02 ± 0.12, 6.98 ± 0.11 and 9.88 ± 0.07, respectively. Histopathology examinations of testis revealed a deceleration of spermatogenesis and degeneration of germ cell order in relation to exposure time.
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