Although titanium dental implants are characterized by great biocompatibility, both electrochemical and galvanic corrosion may take place in the oral environment, even in the cases of full osseointegration of implants. The aim of the study was to evaluate processes occurring in the gingival mucous membrane collected from dental implants after a period of healing. In the gingival tissues in contact with implants fully integrated with the bone, infiltrations composed of subpopulations of T lymphocytes (CD45R0 and CD25) and Langerhans cells (S-100 positive) were found. The presence of immunologically competent cells in the infiltrations indicated that the titanium implant was recognized by the host’s immune system. The lack of clinical symptoms of hypersensitivity may suggest local tolerance to a correctly healed intraosseous dental implant.
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Widely used biomaterials, including titanium and its alloys, manifest a range of the physicochemical properties which determine the way they are exploited. According to the literature, titanium dental implants, considered biocompatible with the human body, under certain conditions, may cause inflammatory or allergic reactions. The aim of the study has been to evaluate the content of titanium in the mucosa covering two-stage intraosseous implants of the Osteoplant-Hex® system. The content of titanium ions in the examined samples containing segments of mucosa collected from those dental implants was determined with an inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometer VISTA-MPX produced by VARIAN ICP. A diverse titanium content in the mucosa adjoining the implants has been revealed during their healing period. The determined concentration of titanium ranged from 0.00 to 122.59 μg g–1. As the conducted research suggests, such a wide range may result from differences in the implant location, sex and age of patients. Therefore, the authors tried to find a relationship between the results and those variables.
The study was performed in 20 children with partial anterior open bite and in 20 children of a control group. Stereognosis was evaluated on the basis of correct recognition responses to silicone pieces of the different shapes. Pieces were put on the dorsal surface of the tongue close to its apex. It was evident that the stereognostic ability was impaired in children with anterior open bite. This ability also decreased after infiltration anaesthesia of the tongue. The study indicated that the tongue plays an important role in oral stereognosis.