W pracy oceniono wpływ cymetydyny, EDTA, 4-metylopirazolu oraz etanolu i metanolu na aktywność dehydrogenazy mleczanowej. Badania przeprowadzono in vitro z enzymem otrzymanym z erytrocytów ludzkich.
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between estrogen and the development of peliosis hepatis. The experiment was conducted on female Wistar rats. Oestradiolum benzoicum was administered i.m. for 8 weeks in different doses. On the basis of the obtained data the authors claim that estrogen can be responsible for the development of vascular disorders described as peliosis hepatis. Furthermore, there is a relationship between the intensification of observed changes and the dose of the injected estrogen. An increased awareness of peliosis hepatis may become an important symptom for a pathologist, especially in patients at risk.
The aim of this study was to establish and quantify changes in the activities of total, free and bound fractions of pancreatic lipase, galactoso-6-sulphatase, ß-D-galactosidase and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase in the course of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Rabbits were divided into a control group and groups injected with alloxan on the 21 st , 42 nd , 90 th and the 180 th day, after which blood samples were taken and the rabbits sacrificed by decapitation. The pancreas was removed and the glucose level measured. Enzyme activities were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. The total activities of N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase and ß-D-galactosidase were the lowest on day 42 of the test, and the total activity of lipase was the highest at this point of time, as compared to the other periods of the study. We conclude that in the course of alloxan-induce diabetes activities of pancreatic lipase and sulphatase were increasing following the levels of glucose, whilst activities of ß-D-galactosidase and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase were declining, being inversely correlated to the level of glucose and activities of the first two mentioned enzymes. Above alterations in activity of lysosomal pancreatic enzymes of alloxan induced diabetic rabbits may be responsible for some aspects of previously reported diabetic enteropathy and chronic complications, or may provide a mechanism for the pancreatic beta-cells to moderate their insulin content.
Background: The foramen magnum is an important anatomical opening in the base of the skull through which the posterior cranial fossa communicates with the vertebral canal. It is also related to a number of pathological conditions including Chiari malformations, various tumours, and occipital dysplasias. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphology of the foramen magnum in adult individuals in relation to sex. Material and methods: The morphology of the foramen magnum was evaluated using 3D computer tomography images in 313 individuals (142 male, 171 female) aged 20–30 years. Results: The mean values of the foramen length (37.06 ± 3.07 vs. 35.47 ± 2.60 mm), breadth (32.98 ± 2.78 vs. 30.95 ± 2.71 mm) and area (877.40 ± 131.64 vs. 781.57 ± 93.74 mm²) were significantly higher in males than in females. A significant, positive correlation was found between foramen length and breadth. Significant correlations were reported for breadth and area of the foramen magnum and corresponding external cranial diameters in females. Round as well as longitudinal and horizontal oval-like types of the foramen shape were established according to the breadth/length index of the structure. All the cranial and foramen measurements were significantly higher in individuals with round-like type of the foramen magnum. Conclusions: There was a sexual dimorphism of the foramen magnum among the examined individuals. It was related mainly to its linear diameters and area, not to the shape. Unlike males, female skulls had higher correlation between the examined parameters of the foramen and proper external cranial measurements, which indicates more homogeneous growth in girls. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 4: 205–216)
The effects of treating acute pancreatitis are still unsatisfactory. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of peritoneal lavage when treating acute pancretits, which was experimentally induced using sodium taurocholate. Isotonic salt solution was injected intraperitoneally three times per day. Serum amylase, lipase activity and urinal amylase activity were measured. Macroscopic images were analyzed and microscopic changes of the pancreas were estimated using Spormann's classification. The results indicate that peritoneal lavage appears to be an efficient method of treating acute pancreatitis.
Joint formation is a developmental process regulated by various factors including bone morphogenetic proteins, transforming and growth factors, etc. Recently, a high expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in the foetal cartilaginous elements was also revealed. On the other hand, various joint and skeletal abnormalities were seen in laboratory animal and human offspring, exposed in utero to several COX inhibitors. Immunoexpression of constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) cyclooxygenase isoforms was evaluated in various articular structures of untreated and unfamiliar 21-day-old male rat foetuses. Both COX isoforms were detected in the articular cartilage and joint capsule, as well as in the intra-articular disc of the temporomandibular joint and meniscus of the knee joint. COX-1 immunostaining was revealed in the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint and the labrum of the hip and shoulder, whereas COX-2 immunoreactivity in those structures was not found. It could be concluded that both constitutive and inducible COX isoforms are physiologically expressed in various structures of synovial joints in rat foetuses at the end of prenatal development. (Folia Morphol 2009; 68, 2: 59–64)
A long-term use of oral contraceptives may be responsible for an increased risk of benign hepatic tumors (hepatic adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hemangioma). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of estrogen administration on the liver function and morphology. Oestradiolum benzoicum was administered intramuscularly to female rats for 8 weeks. Liver sections were collected for histological and ultrastructural examination. The most common features were as follows: nodular regenerative hyperplasia, adenomas, peliosis hepatis and fatty changes. In animals which had received higher than therapeutic doses of estrogens the following ultrastructural changes were found: mitochondrial damage, megamitochondria, diffusely distributed round spaces with blood fluid inside, fatty changes, canalicular cholestasis and steatohepatitis with Ito cells. Data derived from this model should provide more accurate information useful in recognizing hepatotoxicity of a drug during initial toxicological studies and during initial evaluations in man before widespread clinical use, as well as in determining the risk of liver tumor development.