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The parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction were measured: Fv/Fm, Sc/Fm, Rfd and coefficient of Ld delayed luminescence decay kinetics, related with a course of primary photosynthesis reactions on leaves of strawberry plants, cultured in vitro by means of the micropropagation methods. Strawberry plants cv. Ananasowa from in vitro cultures in optimal condition show significantly higher values of luminescence parameters indicating better condition of plants of this variety in comparison with the variety Senga Sengana. After temperature lowering, however, these values were more reduced than for plants of Senga Sengana, which can be interpreted as higher susceptibility of this variety to chill. Addition of BAP caused disturbance of primary photosynthesis reactions rate, particularly in lower temperature. Auxin 2,4-D had no effect on the luminescence parameters in comparison with control cultures. Dehydration stress strongly diminished the values of measured parameters for Ananasowa variety what indicates the inhibition of primary photosynthesis reaction in leaves. The old culture of Senga Sengana variety showed higher tolerance on linuron in comparison with the new one.
Mosaic (MSC) mutants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) appear after passage through cell cultures. The MSC phenotype shows paternal transmission and is associated with mitochondrial DNA rearrangements. This review describes the origins and phenotypes of independently produced MSC mutants of cucumber, including current knowledge on their mitochondrial DNA rearrangements, and similarities of MSC with other plant mitochondrial mutants. Finally we propose that passage of cucumber through cell culture can be used as a unique and efficient method to generate mitochondrial mutants of a higher plant in a highly homozygous nuclear background.
The expression pattern of a Solanum sogarandinum pGT::Dhn10 gene fusion encoding a dehydrin DHN10 protein and the potential role of that protein in cold tolerance in cucumber were analysed in three T1 transgenic lines. An accumulation of Dhn10 mRNA was detected in the leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots of the transgenic seedlings both under the control conditions and after a cold treatment at 6oC for 24 h. This was confirmed by RTPCR. However, no DHN10 protein was detected by the alkaline phosphataseconjugated antibody. The transgenic lines exhibited different levels of chilling tolerance. The TCC5/1 line showed a significant increase in its chilling tolerance compared to the non-transgenic line. No chilling injury was observed when the cold hardened (6oC, 24 h) TCC5/1 plants were subsequently exposed to a temperature of 2oC for 6 h. The other two transgenic lines, TCC2/1 and TCC3/2, exhibited a comparable level of chilling tolerance to that of the non-transgenic control. The transgenic lines showed similar or significantly decreased freezing tolerance compared to the non-transgenic control, as evaluated by an electrolyte leakage test. We concluded that the S. sogarandinum GT promoter is functional in the chilling sensitive species Cucumis sativus L., and that the pGT::Dhn10 gene fusion is expressed at the transcriptional level.
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