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От 8 павших голубей с типичными симптомами расстройств со стороны центральной нервной системы изолировали 2 вирусных штамма, склассифицированных как A-PMV I. Эти штаммы, происходящие из материала, взятого их трахеи, индуцировали отчетливо цитопатическе изменения в культуре куриных фибробластов. Они были патогенными для куриных зародышей, а среднее время смерти (MDT) минимал:ной летальной дозы ID₅₀ в инокулум 0,2 мл составляло 120 часов. Исследования в электронной трансмиссионный микроскоп обнаружили в аллантоидной жидкости инфицированных зародышей наличие полиморфических вирионов. Величина вирусных частиц овальной формы составляла ок. 200 µМ, а удлиненных форм 460 X 80 µМ. Вирус отличались термостабильностью гемагглютинина, а темп. 56°С понижала их инфекционный титр на 2 лог. лишь через 30 мин. инкубации. Специфическая иммунная против штамма LaSota полностью нейтрализировала оба штамма. Внутривенно инфицированные голуби пали лишь после ввода крупной дозы неразбавленного вируса. Реизоляты из мозгово’ ткани и из кишек гемагглютинировали куриные эритроциты лишь после второго пассажа фибробластами, т.е. тогда, когда появились отчетливые цитопатические изменения.
The aim of the study was to isolate and identify the pathogen responsible for mortality in pigeons, and to choose the most immunogenic strain of Salmonella to prepare a vaccine. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage consisted of isolating and identifying the strains, as well as preparing vaccine prototypes. The material for bacteriological examination comprised samples of parenchymal organs (heart, liver, spleen), intestines, and swabs from synovial cavities. Three strains were isolated and identified as Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen by biochemical and serological tests. The isolates were used to prepare three prototype vaccines, which were combined with an adjuvant consisting of Carbomer and Ginseng extract. In the second stage, the immunogenicity of the prototype vaccines was evaluated in 24 racing pigeons aged 6-8 weeks, which were divided into 4 experimental groups. Agglutination antibody titers in the serum of immunized birds were evaluated by the tube agglutination test at days 0, 7, 14, and 28 after vaccination. One of the three experimental vaccines generated higher agglutination titers than the others, and was selected for further testing.
The purpose of the work was to assess the vaccine, elaborated by the authors, under laboratory and field conditions. For the production there was used the La Sota strain which have been employed for many years for the production a vaccine against Newcastle disease. The strain after propagation on chick embryos was inactivated with formalin (0.1%). Mineral oil was used as an adjuvant. The value of the vaccine was determined indirectly, i.e. on the basis of HI antibody production. The experiment under laboratory condition was carried out on 30 pigeons, aged 1—2 months, and on eight chickens, aged 3 weeks, and under field conditions on 60 000 pigeons in some regions of Poland. The assessment of the vaccine under close controlled conditions was done on 20 pigeons, and on 10 pigeons there were performed comparative examinations using two vaccines produced by foreign manufactures. It was found that the vaccine induced in pigeons following two injections 4 weeks apart a good immune response comparable with that after using vaccines of this type made by other manufactures. The highest level of HI antibody after two injections in pigeons was 6.9 log₂ and decreased slowly reachingat month 9 the level 2.9 log₂. In chickens a mean geometric HI titre (log₂) after two weeks was 7.2 and after the second injection 8.4. In vaccinated pigeons no side effects were observed; only in a small perecentage of birds there occurred transient changes in the from of swelling at the site of injection.
The aim of the study was to observe the time course of the immune response in pigeons after immunization with a live (attenuated) vaccine, Zoosal T, and an autogenous bacterin (inactivated vaccine). The tube agglutination test and the ELISA test were used to measure the dynamics of serum antibodies to Salmonella, determine the white blood cell (WBC) count, and evaluate the leukogram of immunized pigeons. In order to evaluate the cellular response in immunized birds, a leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) procedure was developed and tested. Histological changes were determined in pigeons immunized with ZOOSAL T and the experimental vaccine. The tests revealed a relationship between the beginning of the immune response as evaluated by tube agglutination and ELISA tests and by the MIF test. After immunization with ZOOSAL T, when the cellular response, as measured by the LMI test, appeared at day 14 and amounted to 32% migration inhibition, there was also a significant increase in antibody titers in the agglutination test (70.00) and an increase in ELISA OD values (0.259). After a single administration of the experimental vaccine, the agglutination antibody titers at day 21 of the experiment increased markedly (93.33), as did ELISA OD value, which increased until day 35 (to 0.345). Leukocyte migration inhibition reached the highest value (26%) at day 28, which shows that the immune response after single immunization increased more slowly than in group B. At day 7 after repeat vaccination with the autogenous bacterin, there was a significant increase in agglutination antibody titers (320.00). Similar patterns of changes were observed in the ELISA test. High OD values appeared at day 7 after revaccination (0.985) and persisted during the subsequent days of the experiment (28 days after revaccination: OD = 0.931) The cellular response appeared as early as 24 hours after revaccination (39% migration inhibition) and increased very rapidly, reaching 76% inhibition at day 3. Subsequently, there was a slow decline, but 2 weeks after repeat vaccination, the percentage of migration inhibition was still 22% (tab. 1, 2, 5). Our study demonstrated that the experimental vaccine based on an isolated strain of Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen, containing carbomer and Ginseng extract (Radix panax ginseg), administered twice to domestic pigeons induced a humoral and cellular immune response that was twice as strong as the response induced by the commercial vaccine ZOOSAL T.
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