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1

Influence of earthworms on extractability of metals from soils contaminated with Al2O3, TiO2, Zn, and ZnO nanoparticles and microparticles of Al2O3

100%
Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska G., Asztemborska M., Giska I., Mikoszewski A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2012
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tom 21
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nr 2
Nanoparticles (NPs) of Al2O3, TiO2, Zn, and ZnO, and with microparticles (MPs) of Al2O3 were introduced into garden soil. Adult Dendrobaena veneta earthworms were added to half of the samples. Concentration of the metals was determined after 1 and 10 days in soil eluates (water and EDTA) and in the earthworms before and after gut cleansing. The study showed the influence of soil and earthworm activity on the bioavailability of aluminum and titanium originating from NPs. Extractability of Al by water or EDTA increased after 10 days from aluminum oxide MP- and NP-treated soils. The presence of live earthworms completely abrogated this increase. Waterextractability of Ti from TiO2 NP-treated soils increased after 10 days, while EDTA-extractability remained unchanged. The presence of earthworms was associated with a decrease in Ti extractability. The highest extractability was observed for Zn, with negligible effects of time and earthworms. Al, Ti, and Zn were not substantially accumulated in the earthworm tissues. It was concluded that interaction of the nanoparticles with the soil and activity of the earthworms can affect the bioavailability and, potentially, toxicity of metals originating from nanostructures.
2

Landscape pattern and genetic structure of a yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis population in north-eastern Poland

76%
Gortat T., Gryczynska-Siemiatkowska A., Rutkowski R., Kozakiewicz A., Mikoszewski A., Kozakiewicz M.
Acta Theriologica
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2010
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tom 55
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nr 2
109-121
Reduced connectivity among local populations inhabiting a spatially heterogeneous landscape may restrict gene flow and thus contribute to diminished genetic variation within a population. The aim of this study was to determine the role of geographic distance and habitat barriers in developing genetic structure of a yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834) population, taking into consideration the spatial organization of the landscape. A field study was carried out in two plots located in NE Poland that differed considerably in terms of the scale of habitat fragmentation: (1) a continuous forest complex, and (2) a mosaic of smaller forest habitats. The plots were separated by a water barrier comprised of a chain of lakes. DNA samples from a total of 654 individuals were examined by microsatellite analysis (5 loci). The results showed that the yellow-necked mouse population was characterized by a poorly pronounced genetic structure throughout the study area, although the statistical significance of F ST for most location pairs indicated that gene flow in the area was not free. The division of the mouse population into three genetically distinct groups clearly demonstrated the significant role of water bodies as a natural barrier effectively hindering free movement of animals and thus gene flow. Analysis of the genetic structure of the mouse population throughout the study area and also within the distinguished groups indicated that the entire study population may be considered as a single metapopulation. Our results suggest that geographic distance alone is not the predominant factor affecting the genetic structure of population, but in the mosaic landscape the relative isolation of individual forest fragments, and barriers hindering movements of individuals and limiting gene flow among local populations played a much more important role.
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