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The food intake and nutritional status of adults on non-traditional diet were assessed. The study covered a group of twenty vegetarians with six men and fourteen women at average age of 30 years, representing different models of non-traditional nutrition and being on a vegetarian diet for 1 to 40 years. The food intake was assessed according to 24-hour recall method, being repeated three times. The nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric indices, i.e. body weight, body height and skinfold thicknesses, and haematological indices. The vegetarian diets were found to have insufficient supply of vitamins, particularly vitamins A and C, and certain minerals, including iron, calcium and magnesium. The body weight of subjects on non-traditional diets was smaller compared with the average body weight of Polish adults and was associated with the energy intake lower than recommended. Low average intake of cholesterol and recommended intake of dietary fibre were observed in subjects on non-traditional diets, which is considered beneficial for this dietary model.
Pedagogical and educational institutions play an important role in health education. The proposed systemic principles should account for biological, environmental and cultural factors that determine the health of children and adolescents. Young people’s individual needs should constitute the framework of educational policy in the prevention of obesity and overweight. An analysis of health education practice in the Polish educational system indicates that the adopted measures, their practical applications and educational goals are adequate. Despite the above, the proposed systemic solutions are not always deployed or correctly implemented by the responsible institutions at various levels of local or social governance. The operations of pedagogical and educational institutions should place greater emphasis on supporting individuals in their quest for self-determination in the health context. The aim of health education is not only to convey knowledge, but, above all, to promote attitudes and behaviors that contribute to health, and the family plays a very important role in this process. Health education in the family should instill health-promoting behaviors which are influenced not only by lifestyle, but also by customs, traditions and the peer community. Health education for the prevention of obesity and overweight should also account for the parents’ educational needs in this area.
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