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1

ENSO affects sex ratio progeny in captive Iberian red deer despite a steady feeding regime

100%
Estevez J. A., Landete-Castillejos T., Garcia A. J., Gaspar-Lopez E., Ceacero F., Gallego L.
Acta Theriologica
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2011
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tom 56
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nr 4
Climate variability greatly affects animals through direct and indirect effects. Animals with slow reproductive adaptation to ecological changes such as large mammals are likely to have evolved mechanisms to anticipate early such impacts of climate variability on the environment. One of the adaptive mechanisms between reproductive costs and benefits in mammals affects parental investment through biases in sex ratio. Deer might be likely to show an early detection of climate variability because conception takes place in early autumn, but the main raising cost in deer concerns lactation, which takes place at the end of the following spring. The aim of this paper is to assess whether there is a relationship between global indices of climate variability such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and sex ratio of a captive population of deer. Results showed that there was a negative correlation (r=−0.65) between sex ratio and ENSO indices between 1996 and 2008. El Niño enhances drier conditions during the summer in the Iberia Peninsula, which in turn favours a female bias. Results also suggest that the mechanism of early detection of climate variability exerts a strong effect on female reproductive physiology because the long-term stability of food resources in our setting has not markedly reduced it.
2

Antler mineral composition of Iberian red deer Cervus elaphus hispanicus is related to mineral profile of diet

84%
Estevez J. A., Landete-Castillejos T., Martinez A., Garcia A. J., Ceacero F., Gaspar-Lopez E., Calatayud A., Gallego L.
Acta Theriologica
|
2009
|
tom 54
|
nr 3
235-242
Previous studies have suggested that antlers are costly bone structures whose mineral composition may change depending on physiological and other factors. This study examined whether nutrition variation associated with deer management influences antler mineral composition and structural characteristics of whole antler. Mineral distribution and bone structure were examined in antlers from two groups of adult Iberian red deer Cervus elaphus hispanicus Hilzheimer, 1909. They were kept under different feeding regimes at an experimental deer farm and a game estate in southeastern Spain. Protein and mineral contents differed between the diet of captive deer and that of deer in the wild. Significant differences were found for Na, Mg, K and protein. Antler composition seems to reflect the diet, as antlers of deer differed in protein, Na, Mg and K, but not in total mineral content, Ca, Fe or Zn. Thus, management conditions related to nutrition are reflected on antler composition.
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