Preferencje help
Polish version English version Język
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 7

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
1

Biological properties of soil contaminated with the Aurora 40 WG herbicide

100%
Bacmaga M., Kucharski J., Wyszkowska J., Tomkiel M.
Polish Journal of Natural Sciences
|
2013
|
tom 28
|
nr 2
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the Aurora 40 WG herbicide on soil microbial counts, soil enzymatic activity and spring barley yield. Soil samples with the granulometric composition of loamy sand and sandy clay loam with pHKCl 7.0 were used. The herbicide was applied at the optimal dose (recommended by the manufacturer) and at doses 2-, 4- and 40-fold higher than the recommended dose. Samples of uncontaminated soil served as control. In selected treatments, soil was mixed with basalt meal and finely ground spring barley straw (5 g kg⁻¹). On day 25 and 50 of the experiment, soil samples were analyzed to determine the counts of organotrophic bacteria, bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, Actinobacteria and fungi, and the activity levels of the following enzymes: ß-glucosidase, arylsulphatase and catalase. The yield of spring barley dry matter was determined on the last day of the experiment. It was found that soil contamination with the Aurora 40 WG herbicide led to an increase in the counts of organotrophic bacteria and fungi, and to a decrease in Azotobacter abundance. Arylsulphatase was most sensitive to increased contamination with the tested herbicide – its activity levels were lower in contaminated soil than in the control treatment. In most treatments. Aurora 40 WG applied in overdose stimulated the activity of ß-glucosidase, whereas catalase exhibited the weakest response to the herbicide. When applied at the highest dose (40-fold higher than the optimal dose) Aurora 40 WG modified also spring barley yield.
2

Herbicide resistance of microorganisms

100%
Bacmaga M., Borowik A., Tomkiel M., Wyszkowska J.
Polish Journal of Natural Sciences
|
2016
|
tom 31
|
nr 1
The aim of study was to evaluate the sensitivity of selected microbial groups cultured on solidmedia and soil-dwelling microorganisms to metazachlor (Fuego 500 SC), a mixture of diflufenican+ mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (Alister Grande 190 OD), and a mixture of terbuthylazine + mesotrione + s-metolachlor (Lumax 537.5 SE). The tested microorganisms were: Azotobacterspp.,Arthrobacterspp.,Bradyrhizobiumspp. (lupini),Rhizobium leguminosa rumbv. viciae, Streptomyces intermedius, Streptomyces viridis, Streptomyces longisporoflavus, Streptomycesodorifer, Fusariumspp., Aspergillusspp., Penicillumspp., Rhizopusspp. The results indicate that fungi were more sensitive to herbicides than bacteria and actinomycetes. The tested microbes were most resistant to increased doses of the mixture of diflufenican + mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosul-furon-methyl-sodium. Predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) calculated on day 160 indicate that increased doses of metazachlor posed the greatest threat for soil-dwelling microorganisms. The applied doses of metazachlor resulted in the highest PEC values, which points to a high risk of soilcontamination with this weed control agent
3
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
Content available

The effect of soil contamination with diesel oil and petrol on the nitrification process

100%
Kucharski J., Tomkiel M., Boros E., Wyszkowska J.
Journal of Elementology
|
2010
|
tom 15
|
nr 1
111-118
The effect of soil contamination with diesel oil and petrol on the nitrification process was investigated in a laboratory experiment. Samples of typical brown soil developed from loamy sand, of pH of 6.6 in 1M KCl, Hh -11.38 mmol+ kg-1 soil, S — 77.67 mmol+ kg-1 soil and Corg - 8.50 g kg-1 were analyzed. The experiment was performed in three replications, and for each test 100 g air-dry soil sample was placed in 150 cm3 beakers. Soil samples were contaminated with diesel oil and petrol with the addition of rapeseed oil and ethanol. The source of nitrogen was ammonium sulfate in the amount of 0 and 250 mg N per kg-1 soil. The content of N-NO3- and N-NH4+ was determined on experimental days 14, 28 and 42. Soil moisture was kept constant at 50% capillary water capacity throughout the experiment. Fertilizer nitrogen was subject to strong immobilization in soil contaminated with diesel oil and petrol. Both pollutants strongly inhibited the nitrification process. Diesel oil had a much stronger inhibitory effect on nitrification than petrol. Rapeseed oil also proved to be a powerful inhibiting factor. On experimental day 42, diesel oil reduced ammonium cation oxidation by 99%, and petrol - by 88%.
4
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
Content available

Pressure exerted by zinc on the nitrification process

88%
Borowik A., Wyszkowska J., Kucharski J., Bacmaga M., Tomkiel M.
Journal of Elementology
|
2014
|
tom 19
|
nr 2
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nitrification rate in soil polluted with zinc. The experimental protocol was as follows: soil (sandy loam) collected from the 0-20 cm layer of a cropped field was passed through a 2 mm mesh sieve, placed in 150 cm 3 glass beakers, 100 g of soil in each, and polluted with the following doses of Zn 2+ per 1 kg d.m. of soil: 0, 300, 600, 1 200 and 2 400. Zinc was applied in the form of ZnCl 2 aqueous solution. Afterwards, ammonia nitrogen as (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 was added to the soil material in two doses: 0 and 240 mg N kg -1 d.m. Once zinc chloride and ammonium sulphate had been thoroughly mixed with the soil, water was added until the soil moisture content reached 50% of capillary water holding capacity and then the beakers were placed in a laboratory incubator at 25 o C. After 10, 20, 30 and 40 days, the incubated soil was tested to determine the content of N-NH 4 and N-NH 3 . Additionally, after 10 and 40 days of incubation, the most probable counts of nitrifying bacteria involved in the first and second step of the nitrification process were determined. The experiment was run with three replicates for each day. Two determinations of each parameter were performed in the soil samples placed in beakers. In total, 6 results were obtained for each experimental variant. Based on the determinations, the amounts of nitrified and immobilized nitrogen were calculated and the resistance (RS) and resilience (RL) of the nitrification process and nitrifying bacteria to the contamination of soil with zinc were expressed. It has been experimentally demonstrated that excess zinc in soil significantly disturbs the nitrification rate. As little as 300 mg Zn 2+ kg -1 d.m. of soil significantly inhibits nitrification. Zinc contamination interferes with nitrification and other metabolic process which affect soil nitrogen, which is confirmed by depressed nitrogen immobilization at higher rates of soil contamination with this element. The adverse effect of zinc on nitrification is primarily due to the negative impact of this element in the soil environment on nitrifying bacteria. Zinc more strongly inhibits the first than the second step nitrification bacteria, but ammonia-oxidizing bacteria recover more quickly than nitrate forms. The RS parameters for the nitrification process towards zinc pollution were on a low level and tended to decrease as the degree of zinc contamination rose. The resistance of nitrifying bacteria to zinc decreased parallel to the increasing amounts of zinc in soil.
5

Response of fungi, beta-glucosidase, and arylsulfatase to soil contamination by Alister Grande 190 OD, Fuego 500 SC, and Lumax 537.5 SE herbicides

88%
Bacmaga M., Wyszkowska J., Borowik A., Tomkiel M., Kucharski J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2014
|
tom 23
|
nr 1
This paper describes the response of fungi as well as β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase to soil contamination with the herbicides Alister Grande 190 OD, Fuego 500 SC, and Lumax 537.5 SE in the following doses: 1 – recommended dose, and doses 20-, 40-, 80-, and 160-fold higher than the recommended one. A laboratory experiment in three replicates was conducted on sandy loam of the pHKCl – 7.0. The results have indicated that counts of fungi increased under the influence of excessive quantities of the tested herbicides. Irrespective of herbicide type, EP decreased while CD increased at higher contamination doses. With respect to the enzymes, the herbicides were observed to have exerted a negative effect on the activity of arylsulfatase, which was verified by the negative correlation coefficients. However, the activity of β-glucosidase increased after the soil had been enriched with excessive amounts of the herbicides. The RS index for the activity of the enzymes varied, but reached the highest value in soil with Alister Grande 190 OD for both β-glucosidase (0.953) and arylsulfatase (0.567). The contamination of soil with the herbicides caused lasting changes in sandy loam, but the recovery of the enzyme β-glucosidase was faster (the average RL ranged from 0.458 to 0.889). The index of resilience for arylsulfatase was negative, which proves that the adverse effect of all the herbicides on this enzyme was growing.
6

Reakcje drobnoustrojów glebowych na zanieczyszczenie cynkiem

88%
Kucharski J., Wyszkowska J., Boros-Lajszner E., Bacmaga M., Tomkiel M.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2011
|
tom 567
W pracy określono reakcję drobnoustrojów na zanieczyszczenie cynkiem. Badania modelowe wykonano w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Przedmiotem badań była glina piaszczysta o pHKC1 - 7,0. W doświadczeniu czynnikami zmiennymi były: 1) stopień zanieczyszczenia gleby cynkiem w mg Zn²⁺·kg⁻¹: 0, 300, 600, 1200, 2400; 2) czas inkubacji gleby: 15, 30, 60, 120 dni. Doświadczenie prowadzono w 3 powtórzeniach, w zlewkach o pojemności 150 cm³, w których umieszczono po 100 g gleby. Glebę w zlewkach wymieszano z odpowiednią dawką chlorku cynku. W odpowiednich terminach w glebie, z każdego powtórzenia, oznaczono liczebność: bakterii oligotroficznych, bakterii oligotroficznych przetrwalnikujących, bakterii organotroficznych, Azotobacter spp., promieniowców i grzybów. W 15. i 120. dniu trwania doświadczenia obliczono indeks rozwoju kolonii drobnoustrojów (CD) oraz współczynnik ekofizjologicznej ich różnorodności (EP). Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że liczebność bakterii oligotroficznych ogółem, bakterii oligotroficznych przetrwalnikujących, bakterii organotroficznych i promieniowców zmniejszała się pod wpływem dawek cynku większych od 300 mg Zn²⁺·kg⁻¹, natomiast liczebność grzybów zwiększała się niezależnie od stopnia zanieczyszczenia cynkiem. Wartość wskaźnika CD grzybów zwiększała się wraz ze zwiększeniem stanu zanieczyszczenia gleb, a wskaźnika EP - zmniejszała. Zwiększenie współczynnika CD dochodziło do 24%, a zmniejszenie indeksu EP do 31%. W przypadku bakterii organotroficznych i promieniowców wartości CD i EP kształtowały się na stosunkowo stałym poziomie, w niewielkim stopniu zależnym od zanieczyszczenia gleby cynkiem.
7
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
Content available

Sensitivity of soil enzymes to excessive zinc concentrations

76%
Borowik A., Wyszkowska J., Kucharski J., Bacmaga M., Boros-Lajszner E., Tomkiel M.
Journal of Elementology
|
2014
|
tom 19
|
nr 3
The sensitivity of soil enzymes to soil contamination with zinc was analyzed. A laboratory experiment was performed on sandy loam at pH 7.0, sampled from arable land at a depth of 0 to 20 cm. Soil samples were passed through a sieve with 2 mm mesh size and contaminated with the following zinc doses: 0, 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 mg Zn2+ kg-1 soil. Zinc was applied in the form of aqueous solution of ZnCl2. Soil was mixed thoroughly with zinc, and its moisture content was brought to 50% capillary water capacity. The samples were incubated at 25°C. Beakers with soil samples were weighed once a week to replenish evaporated water. The activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, arylsulfatase and b-glucosidase, was determined after 15, 30, 60 and 120 days of the experiment. The results were used to calculate soil resistance (RS), ED20 and ED50 values. The results of the study indicate that soil enzymes are characterized by varied sensitivity to excessive zinc concentrations, and that the RS index is a reliable measure of enzymatic responses to zinc pollution. The analyzed enzymes were classified in the following decreasing order in terms of their resistance to zinc: b-glucosidase> acid phosphatase > urease >arylsulfatase = alkaline phosphatase> catalase > dehydrogenases. Zinc continued to exert a negative effect on soil enzymes throughout the experiment (120 days). ED20 values for the analyzed enzymes in mg Zn2+ kg-1 DM soil were determined at: 103 for dehydrogenases, 184 for alkaline phosphatase, 233 for urease, 247 for arylsulfatase, 416 for acid phosphatase, 419 for catalase and 1373 for b-glucosidase.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.