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Rice is the first cereal genome of known draft sequence, and the finished sequence for it is now nearly complete. In this paper, we describe a preliminary analysis of known rice genes aimed to detect resistance gene analogues of known structural classes. Putative resistance genes were identified in a dual approach - by using BLASTP searches to identify candidate sequences and by using Hidden Markov Models to predict domain presence in the candidates. The set of proteins examined was obtained from the publicly available data of TIGR (The Institute for Genomic Research). 1744 distinct RGAs were identified, 597 of which belonged to the NBS-LRR class. Supplementary data (sequences and annotations) is available on the web site http://gkoczyk.bioinfo.pl/CMBL.
Three Fusarium species: F. graminearum, F. culmorum and F. cerealis were identified in laboratory cultures and in sporodochia from spikelets of scabby wheat. SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) primers were used to identify Fusarium species and nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes within species in laboratory cultures and field collected heads harvested in 2006. Results from PCR analyses confirmed preliminary identifications of species on the basis of examination of macroconidia under a light microscope and identification of cultures on agar media. NIV and DON (3Ac-DON and 15Ac-DON) chemotypes were identified using PCR assay. Among samples and isolates of F. graminearum, the 15Ac-DON chemotype dominated, and among those where F. culmorum was identified, the 3Ac-DON chemotype prevailed. Only 5 of the 41 isolates of F. graminearum tested, displayed the NIV chemotype. An increase in the frequency of F. graminearum and a decrease in the frequency of F. culmorum were found during 1998 to 2006.
In the present study, we reinvestigate the diversity of Trichoderma in Poland utilizing a combination of morphological and molecular/phylogenetic methods. A total of 170 isolates were collected from six different substrata at 49 sites in Poland. These were divided among 14 taxa as follows: 110 of 170 Trichoderma isolates were identified to the species level by the analysis of their ITS1, ITS2 rDNA sequences as: T. harzianum (43 isolates), T. aggressivum (35), T. citrinoviride (11), T. hamatum (9), T. virens (6), T. longibrachiatum (4), T. polysporum (1), and T. tomentosum (1); 60 isolates belonging to the Viride clade were identified based on a fragment of the translation-elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene as: T. atroviride (20 isolates), T. gamsii (2), T. koningii (17), T. viridescens (13), T. viride (7), and T. koningiopsis (1). Identifications were made using the BLAST interface in TrichOKEY and TrichoBLAST (http:// www.isth.info). The most diverse substrata were soil (nine species per 22 isolates) and decaying wood (nine species per 75 isolates). The most abundant species (25%) isolated from all substrata was T. harzianum.
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