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Ship motion is an important factor affecting on the safety of ski-jump take-off. The simplified frigate ship SFS1 was numerically simulated, and the results were compared with the experimental data, the feasibility of the calculation method was verified; Meshless method and WALE turbulence model were used to simulate the process of aircraft skijump take-off, aerodynamic characteristics under different rolling conditions during the aircraft ski-jump take-off process were presented. The results showed that: the influence of ship rolling motion on lift coefficient, drag coefficient and pitching moment was small, side force and rolling moment were greatly affected by rolling motion; the region of downwash with the maximum speed was about 10 m from the bow; the safety of ski-jump take-off was greatly affected when aircraft was close to the bow within 20 m
The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an astrocyte-specific member of the class III intermediate filament proteins. It is generally used as a specific marker of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). We isolated a GFAP cDNA from the brain and spinal cord cDNA library of Gekko japonicus, and prepared polyclonal antibodies against gecko GFAP to provide useful tools for further immunochemistry studies. Both the real-time quantitative PCR and western blot results revealed that the expression of GFAP in the spinal cord after transection increased, reaching its maximum level after 3 days, and then gradually decreased over the rest of the 2 weeks of the experiment. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the increase in GFAP-positive labeling was restricted to the white matter rather than the gray matter. In particular, a slight increase in the number of GFAP positive star-shaped astrocytes was detected in the ventral and lateral regions of the white matter. Our results indicate that reactive astrogliosis in the gecko spinal cord took place primarily in the white matter during a short time interval, suggesting that the specific astrogliosis evaluated by GFAP expression might be advantageous in spinal cord regeneration.
The ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) seed aerosols commonly found in the Chinese urban atmosphere could affect the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Aging of aromatic SOA is performed using UV-irradiation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (135-TMB)/CH₃ONO/NO/air mixtures with high concentrations (~100 μg/m³) of (NH₄)₂SO₄ seeds in the laboratory chamber in this study. The particulate products of SOA were measured using an aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS) in real-time, and fuzzy c-means (FCM) was applied to the mass spectra organic species for clusters. Experimental results indicated that methylglyxoal, 2-methyl-4-oxo-2-pentenal, 4-methyl-1H-imidazole, 4-methyl-imidazole-2-acetaldehyde, and other imidazole derivative compounds are the principal products in the aged particles. Imidazole compounds that can absorb solar radiation effectively were newly detected in the aged 135-TMB SOA with high concentrations of (NH₄)₂SO₄ seed aerosols. These would provide new information for discussing the 135-TMB SOA aging mechanism.
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