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The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of cadmium and nickel accumulation in the carp, Cyprinius carpio L., during the rapid growth period between 3rd and 6th month of life, including seasonal changes. Chemical assays were performed on samples of gills, anterior and mid-posterior part of the alimentary tract, liver, kidneys, skin and muscles. Prior to the assay, 1-g tissue samples were digested with 3 ml of concentrated HNO3 in a CEM MDS 2000 microwave oven. The samples prepared this way were assayed for Cd and Ni. Cadmium level was determined with flameless graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) in a ZL 4110 Perkin Elmer. Nickel was determined inductively coupling plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) in a JY-24 Jobin Yvon apparatus. The results indicated that in the period of growth between 3rd and 6th month of life, cadmium and nickel concentrations in the examined carps fluctuated. Average cadmium content in examined organs ranged between 0.053 ÷ 0.004 µg g-1 wet weight. Average nickel content in examined organs ranged between 0.326 ÷ 0.023 µg g-1 wet weight. The observed fluctuations are supposed to be a result of intensive growth and accompanying accumulation of metals from water.
The aim of this study was to assess concentrations of essential and toxic metals in fish meat from north-west Poland. Selected metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Mg, Cr, V, Li, K, Ca, Na) were determined in the muscle tissue of freshwater fish species: pike, bream, perch and common carp, harvested from natural waters of West Pomerania, Poland. Levels of Cd and Pb were determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS), Hg by the cold vapour technique after Hg ions reduction with SnCl2 (CV-AAS), and the other metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The accuracy and precision of methods applied were examined with certified reference materials: Fish-paste 2 and Dolt-2. The results of the research were processed using statistical methods (ANOVA); the Duncan’s test was performed at a significance level of p≤0.05. The data indicate that the examined fish were not polluted with metals, and the mean concentrations of toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) were within the limits for fish and fishery products specified by EU legislation, so the fish were safe for human consumption.
Simmental is one of the two-direction breeds of milk-meat used due to its high growth values and muscularity. The aim of the study was to determine the level of hematological parameters in Simmental cattle from one herd of various age cattle by taking into consideration the period of pregnancy. Studies were conducted on 180 specimens: 90 cows at the age of between 3 to 8 years, 30 heifers, 35 calves and 25 pregnant cows, during the autumn. The following hematological parameters were determined: erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets count, level of hemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell indicators. The analyzed level of basic hematological parameters corresponded with the cattle reference values. Red blood cell counts were lower but red blood cells indices values were increased. The values of hematological parameters in calves were lower in comparison with values noted in adult cows.
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