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This paper looks at the history of physical education and sports in the Czechoslovak and Polish YMCA. As far as physical education and sports are concerned, the two national associations not only developed in a similar way but cooperated in some areas of their activity as well. The two associations were established and began to work together in the 1920s, exchanging printed matter or arranging friendly matches. In the course of time, both of these national associations began to build their own premises equipped with modern sports facilities and their members participated in matches on a regular basis. The origin of the YMCA and the source of money flowing into Czechoslovakia and Poland led to restrictions being placed on both of these national associations as the outbreak of the Second World War drew near. They were later dissolved and were not fully reestablished until the 1990s.
The paper discusses the history of the YMCA in Europe at the time of the First World War. During the period in question, this international organisation spent a large amount of money on voluntary aid for soldiers and prisoners of war. Of all National YMCA groups, most financial support for its activities came from the United States of America, where the organisation had also reached its peak in terms of physical education and sports development. Even before the United States of America had entered the First World War, American YMCA secretaries had been involved in European battlefields and prisoner of war camps, despite having first been rejected by local military leaders. These functionaries offered soldiers and prisoners of war a number of ways to spend their free time, including physical education and sport. The American YMCA’s efforts were to increase significantly after the United States of America had entered the war. There followed a transfer of a huge amount of sports equipment and sports instructors from the United States of America to Europe. After the war had ended, the YMCA in France initiated the Inter-Allied Games and subsequently attempted to spread its program into other countries around the world.
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