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Carapace anomalies of pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) from the Poleski National Park, from the hatch of 2008

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Kosik E., Wojcik M., Beeger S., Rozempolska-Rucinska I.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EE: Zootechnica

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2013

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tom 31

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nr 1

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Nibbling as non-verbal communication in dogs

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Rozempolska-Rucinska I., Trojan M., Kosik E., Prochniak T., Janeczko P.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2014

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tom 70

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nr 05

The aim of the paper was to answer the question of what message is conveyed by dogs exhibiting behaviour referred to as “nibbling” and what emotions are associated with this behaviour. The data for the analysis were obtained from owners who observed this type of behaviour in their dogs. In total 14 groups of animals were examined. Information was collected in the form of film recordings, which proved that the behaviour observed corresponded to that analyzed in the study. Additionally, information from the owners was used. It was observed that the ethology of nibbling in its primary, autochthonic form is related to maternal behaviour. However, since behaviour becomes detached from its biological roots in the process of ritualization, it has gained information-affiliation-consolation functions. Nibbling is not related to status in the social group or a dominant or submissive personality. It reflects highly positive emotions of one animal towards another, including humans, and constitutes a special form of communication that strengthens and creates emotional bonds regardless of animals’ place in the social group.

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How “natural” training methods can affect equine mental state? A critical approach - a review

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Rozempolska-Rucinska I., Trojan M., Kosik E., Prochniak T., Gorecka-Bruzda A.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

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2013

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tom 31

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nr 3

Among equestrians the “natural” training methods of horses are gaining widespread popularity due to their spectacular efficiency. Underlying philosophy of trainers - founders of different “natural horsemanship training” (NHT) schools, along with other not well documented statements includes argumentation of solely welfare- and human-friendly effects of NHT in the horse. The aim of this review was to screen scientific papers related to NHT to answer the question whether „natural” training methods may actually exert only positive effects upon equine mental state and human-horse relationship. It appears that NHT trainers may reduce stress and emotional tension and improve learning processes as they appropriately apply learning stimuli. Basing on revised literature it can be concluded that training is successful provided that [i] the strength of the aversive stimulus meets sensitivity of an individual horse, [ii] the aversive stimulus is terminated at a right moment to avoid the impression of punishment, and [iii] the animal is given enough time to assess its situation and make an independent decision in the form of adequate behavioural reaction.Neglecting any of these conditions may lead to substantial emotional problems, hyperactivity, or excessive fear in the horse-human relationship, regardless of the training method.However, we admit that the most successful NHT trainers reduce aversive stimulation to the minimum and that horses learn quicker with fear or stress reactions, apparently decreasing along with training process. Anyway, NHT should be acknowledged for absolutely positive role in pointing out the importance of proper stimulation in the schooling and welfare of horses.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Animal Science Papers and Reports

1 Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EE: Zootechnica

1 Medycyna Weterynaryjna

3 Kosik E.

3 Rozempolska-Rucinska I.

2 Prochniak T.

2 Trojan M.

1 Beeger S.

1 Gorecka-Bruzda A.

1 Janeczko P.

1 Wojcik M.

1 2014

2 2013

Carapace anomalies of pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) from the Poleski National Park, from the hatch of 2008

Nibbling as non-verbal communication in dogs

How “natural” training methods can affect equine mental state? A critical approach - a review