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Research on the possibilities of use of NC11 Neotyphodium coenophialum isolate as a biological control agent was conducted. The highest mycelium growth inhibition of Drechslera sp., Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium equiseti, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Microdochium nivale and F. avenaceum by endophyte isolate in dual culture assay was recorded at 30°C. The highest width of growth inhibition zone (5 mm) was detected for Drechslera sp. A significant effect of the endophyte presence on tall fescue infection by B. sorokiniana and F. avenaceum was stated in a pot experiment. Endophyte infected plants were healthier than E−. There was no effect of endophyte presence on tall fescue infection by Drechslera sp. and F. equiseti.
Acta Agrobotanica
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2005
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tom 58
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nr 2
369-379
Occurrence of Neotyphodium coenophialum in tall fescue cultivars cultivated in Poland and determination an endophyte inhibition effect on mycelium growth of chosen microorganisms in vitro were investigated. Seventeen seed lots of 11 cultivars of tall fescue were examined. The endophyte mycelium was dyed with bengal rose and microscopically examined to detect N. coenophialum. Occurrence of endophyte was checked with PCR method. Influence of endophyte on growth of 15 microorganisms was established in the laboratory conditions on Petri dishes with PDA medium at 10, 20 and 30°C. Neotyphodium coenophialum occurred only in two seed lots, ‘Barrocco’ - 42% and Terros - 2%. Living mycelium of endophyte was isolated only from ‘Barrocco’. The highest mycelium growth inhibition of Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium avenaceum, F. equiseti, Microdochium nivale and Gaeumannomyces graminis by endophyte at 30°C was recorded. The highest width of growth inhibition zone (4mm) was detected for the last pathogen. Mycelium growth of B. sorokiniana and M. nivale was not inhibited at 10°C, and for F. avenaceum at 10 and 20°C.
Przeprowadzono badania nad występowaniem grzybów endofitycznych rodzajów Neotyphodium i Epichloë w kolekcji nasion ekotypów kostrzewy łąkowej (Festuca pratensis), kostrzewy czerwonej (F. rubra) i życicy trwałej (Lolium perenne). Przebadano łącznie 78 prób nasion pochodzących z Polski, Słowacji i Nowej Zelandii. Grzybnię endofitów wykryto w 79,5% analizowanych prób. Zasiedlenie nasion badanych gatunków traw przez endofity rodzaju Neotyphodium i Epichloë kształtowało się na bardzo wysokim poziomie i wynosiło odpowiednio: kostrzewa łąkowa - 93%, kostrzewa czerwona - 64,5% i życica trwała - 60%. Identyfikacja endofita z nasion życicy trwałej metodą PCR potwierdziła obecność Neotyphodium lolii. Długi okres przechowywania (2-4 lat) całkowicie zredukował żywotność grzybni endofitów w próbach zasiedlonych nasion i uniemo żliwił wyizolowanie tych grzybów z siewek do dalszych badań.
Research on the usefulness of fungi from Neotyphodium genus for perennial ryegrass and meadow fescue protection against chosen pathogens was conducted. Neotyphodium lolii and N. uncinatum endophyte isolates showed antagonistic activity towards 11 out of 12 tested pathogens in dual-culture assays. No effect of Neotyphodium spp. isolates towards Microdochium nivale in vitro was stated. Fusarium equiseti was the most often inhibited fungus by N. lolii. All the N. uncinatum isolates inhibited growth of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia cerealis. Perennial ryegrass and meadow fescue genotypes settled by Neotyphodium spp. were significantly protected against 87.5% of test pathogens in the pot experiments. All the studied associations were susceptible to Fusarium equiseti infection. Endophytes served as the best protection against Bipolaris sorokiniana, Rhizoctonia solani, Drechslera sp., Gaeumannomyces graminis and Fusarium poae in most cases.
The aim of this study was to estimate the susceptibility of a tuft (ssp. commutata – cultivar Mirena) and creeping (ssp. rubra – cultivar Nista) forms of Festuca rubra to infestation by pathogenic fungi and the effect of chemical protection on the health of plants grown for seeds. The study was conducted in 2004-2006 (first series) and in 2005-2007 (second series) at the Experimental Variety Testing Station in Chrząstowo (53°09’ N; 17°35’ E). Fungicides containing azoxystrobin, prochloraz and propiconazole were applied for protection against fungal pathogens. The assessment of disease symptom intensity was conducted in the summer and autumn periods based on modified scales by Birckenstaedt et al. [1994]. In the establisment and production years we found a moderate infestation of red fescue of the cultivars Mirena and Nista by pathogenic fungi. Highest values of leaf disease index at a level of DI = 16.9% were registered in the case of leaf spots. Occurrence of rust and powdery mildew stayed at a lower level. Presence of Microdochium nivale was registered sporadically. Higher susceptibility of the creeping cultivar Nista to infestation by fungi causing leaf spots and powdery mildew was observed. In the vast majority of cases applying chemical protection significantly decreased a degree of plant infestation in the summer period.
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