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The paper shows the results of monitoring of changes of the chemism of groundwaters running from the area of recreation gardens in Tarnów Mościce. Special attention has been paid to the nitrogen compounds content in waters depending on the agricultural methods used. The N-NO2 and N-NO3 contents have been assessed, accounting for the classification of groundwaters by the Polish inspectorate for Environmental Protection. It has been proved that big dozes of nitrogen, especially in soils abounding in its absorbable forms, leads to excessive washing out and contamination.
In order to reduce a negative effect of landfills on soil environment it is necessary to monitor individual elements of natural environment within the range of landfill influence. It is possible to grow agronomic plants in the soils affected by pollution originating from landfill, but the cultivation must be restricted to few species. Industrial crops are recommended for growing in these areas. The soils researched by the present studies revealed neutral and alkaline reaction and were unpolluted with trace elements except for chromium. High diversification of heavy metal concentrations was registered in crop plants and results were considerably dispersed concerning various plant parts. Permissible threshold concentrations of heavy metals were exceeded mainly for cadmium and lead and to a lesser degree for copper and nickel. The results of crop plants usable value estimation justify the purposefulness of incorporating plants for industrial processing in the cropping system.
The study aimed at evaluating the distribution of mass in the straw of cereal species and also at assessing the straw yield and its losses resulting from the amount of the stubble left in the field. It was found empirically that the wheat culms are composed of five internodes, and in barley, triticale and oats of six. The highest straw mass per 1 cm was found in the second internode in both forms of wheat and winter triticale, whereas barley and oats gathered the highest weight in the first internode. In the southern part of Silesia species and forms of cereals differed in the straw yield, which can be arranged as follows, from the highest: winter wheat > spring wheat, winter triticale, winter barley, and oats > spring barley. Due to the specific distribution of dry matter in each of internodes of both wheat forms – winter and spring, they loose less stubble mass (22 and 24%, respectively), comparing to other cereals, especially spring barley, which loose 31% yield of straw in the stubble of 15 cm height.
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