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A total of 120 Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from suckling piglets with diarrhoea and 30 E. coli strains from healthy piglets were tested for the presence of fimbrial and enterotoxin virulence genes. Out of the 120 isolates sampled from diarrheic piglets, 81 (67.5%) expressed one or more genes encoding virulence factors. Adhesin genes were detected in 52 (43.33%) out of 120 E. coli isolates, and the most common among them was F4 adhesin (33.33%). Genes encoding E. coli toxins were detected in 81 (67.5%) isolates. E. coli included in the study carried genes for one or more of the following toxins: STa, STb, LT and EAST1. The astA gene encoding EAST1 was the most prevalent and was identified in 72 (60%) E. coli isolates. EAST1 toxin was detected in 5 out of 30 isolates (16.7%) from healthy piglets. Among the 81 isolates expressing virulence genes, a total of 15 different combinations for fimbrial and toxin genes were found. The most common virulence pattern was F4/STb/LT/EAST1 detected in 23.45% of E. coli strains isolated from suckling piglets with diarrhoea. The results indicate that F4 adhesin and EAST1 toxin are the most common in E. coli isolates sampled from diarrhoeic suckling piglets in Serbia.
Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is related to many different conditions: infertility, postpartal metritis, vulvovaginitis, mastitis, encephalitis, calf pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, cutaneous lesions, digital dermatitis and abortion. In this study a retrospective PCR examination of 100 extracted DNA samples from aborting cows was performed in order to determine: prevalence of BHV-4 in abortive cattle, whether coinfections BHV-4 with other abortifacient pathogens are present in the same sample and to determine the month of gestation when BHV-4 associated abortions were detected. Out of 100 examined samples, the BHV-4 genome was detected in 21 samples (21%). In two samples we detected coinfection of BHV-4 with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and in one with Neospora caninum. Most of the BHV-4-associated abortions were detected during the seventh month of gestation. It was concluded that an active BHV-4 infection was present among cows that aborted on the farms examined. The high prevalence of the BHV-4 genome in abortion material suggests that this virus may have cause the abortions. Further studies and examinations are needed to establish causative connection between presence of BHV-4 and abortion.
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