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The therapy of iron poisoning requires different kinds of treatment. Gastric lavages and chelation therapy are routinely recommended in the management of the poisoned patient. It is always the best to use selective chelators that bind the excess iron in tissues. The most popular chelator is deferoxamine (DFO). It is used in parenteral therapy and brings relatively good results. Unfortunately, therapy with DFO also causes many adverse effects. Thus, many research institutes have concentrated on inventing new chelator-drugs. Consequently, there are currently some new medicines which give hope for better therapy of iron intoxication, e.g. NaHBED, ICL670. Besides specific treatment, it is always important to introduce a supportive therapy that corresponds to current symptoms.
Although iron deficiency anemia is the most common problem of dietary supplementation in some animals, effects of iron overdose on health are still neglected in veterinary medicine. Acute iron poisoning (usually with dramatic clinical signs) occurs primarily in dogs as a result of accidental ingestion of iron salts from medicines/pharmaceuticals intended for humans or ferrous lawn sands. Acute iron toxicosis also occurs in foals, calves and piglets after administration of iron compounds (e.g. Ferrodex) during the first days of life. The main reason for chronic iron poisoning is uncontrolled administration (usually without consultation with a veterinary surgeon) of different conditioners or pharmaceuticals enriched with iron compounds. This happens mostly in dogs and horses that receive a lot of nutrient supplements. Gastric lavages and chelation therapy with deferoxamine are routinely recommended in the management of poisoned patients.
The experiments were carried out on 8 mature ewes fed ad libitum or being on starvation diet. Sulfamerazine was administered at a dose of 60 mg per 1 kg of body weight intravenously. During starvation the biological half-life of sulfamerazine in the blood plasma was prolonged (not significantly). The results of sulphonamide determinations in the rumen contents of sheep showed that a significant amount of the drug administered intravenously penetrated to the forestomachs and its amount was much higher in the rumen contents of starved sheep than in those fed ad libitum; beginning from the 10th hour after sulfamerazine administration its level was much higher in the rumen contents than in the blood plasma. On the basis of the results one can claim that sulfamerazine concentration in the forestomachs is depending not so much on its increased inflow into the forestomachs as on a decreased outflow related with the pH value of the forestomach contents. Due tо a high level of sulphamides in the forestomachs of starved ruminants the rate of their elimination from the body can be diminished.
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