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A new montmorillonite/humic acid complex preparation method in the alkaline environment was studied by experiment, and the complex effect on remediation of heavy metal pollution was verified. The best technological condition of the montmorillonite/humic acid complex preparation in alkaline environment was that the mass ratio between montmorillonite and humic acid was 100:3, the reaction solution was 0.01 mol/L sodium nitrate solution, the pH value of the reaction solution was 8.5, and the reaction time was 24 hours. The complex has better remediation effect on cadmium waste water. The cadmium adsorption capacity of the complex was 18.96 mg/g, and the pH value ranges of cadmium waste water suited for the complex was from 5 to 9.
The following three new species of the genus Tegolophus Keifer from Oriental China are described and illustrated in this paper. They are: Tegolophus carmonae sp. nov. infesting Carmona microphylla (Lam.) G. Don. (Boraginaceae), Tegolophus corylopsus sp. nov. infesting Corylopsis glandulifera Hemsl. (Hamamelidaceae) and Tegolophus miscanthus sp. nov. infesting Miscanthus floridulus (Lab.) Warb (Poaceae).
Contaminated soil collected from an agricultural field was used to compare Cd enrichment among 20 soybean cultivars to explore their application foregrounds in safe production. The results showed that Cd concentration in beans of 20 soybean cultivars was from 0.23 mg kg⁻¹ to 2.33 mg kg⁻¹ when Cd concentration in soil was 1.98 mg kg⁻¹. Cd enrichment factors of 19 cultivars were lower than 1. Cd translocation factors of all cultivars were lower than 1. As for background soil with 0.15 mg kg⁻¹ Cd, the concentrations of Cd in beans of two soybean cultivars were higher than 0.10 mg kg⁻¹ (an agricultural trade standard of non-pollution food for soybean of China, NY5310-2005). Thus, the use of a low-accumulation soybean cultivar in Cd-contaminated soil should be done carefully and with reserve.
Maintenance of a high K+/Na+ concentration ratio in plants by regulation of the expression of specific ion channels plays an important role in salt resistance. In this work, two melon cultivars differing in salt tolerance were used to evaluate melon inward rectifying K+ channel (MIRK) transcription, K+ and Na+ distribution, as well as stomata aperture under various salt treatments (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) for exploring the mechanism of salinity tolerance in melon. The salt-tolerant cultivar, cv. Bingxuecui (BXC), showed a smaller reduction in biomass due to salt treatments than the salt-sensitive cultivar, cv. Yulu (YL). Although the level of total Na+ in the whole plant was the same in both melon cultivars after salinity treatments, a lower Na+ level with higher K+/Na+ ratio was observed in the leaves of the BXC cultivar, which is likely to promote salt tolerance in melon. Salinity also resulted in down-regulation of MIRK transcription and stomata closure in the leaves of both varieties; however, compared to the YL cultivar, a lesser extent of MIRK transcription and stomata aperture reduction were observed in the BXC cultivar, both of which remained steadier at most sampling times. The high correlation observed between stomata aperture closure and MIRK transcription level suggests that the regulation of the MIRK channel in melon may be involved in modulation of the stomata apertures, subsequently balancing transpiration and CO2 exchange, which may ultimately contribute to a higher tolerance to salinity.
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