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W pracy dokonano oceny zmian chorobowych stwierdzanych u bydła rzeźnego w wybranych powiatach południowego Podlasia w 2003 roku. Największe straty w ubocznych surowcach rzeźnych u cieląt i bydła powyżej 12 miesięca życia powodowała motylica wątrobowa. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje fakt spadku ekstensywności wągrzycy u bydła w stosunku do poprzednich lat. Przyczyną dużych strat były również ogniska ropne, zanieczyszczenia i przekrwienia.
The two-stage model for the development of early markers of hepatocarcinogenesis was applied to assess the potential of fungicide fenarimol (α-(2-chlorophenyl)-α-(4-chlorophenyl)- 5-pirimidinemethanol) as a possible promoter in this process. In this experiment the rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy (to induce proliferation), followed by the single (50 mg/kg bw) dose of diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) (initiator) and then, followed by the 26 weeks exposure to fenarimol administered in the olive oil suspension (250 mg/kg daily). The activities of gamma- glutamyltransferase (GGTase), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and alkaline phosphatase (APase) regarded as markers of early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis were measured biochemically and histochemically in the livers of exposed rats as well as in the respective positive and negative controls. Rats exposed to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), instead of fenarimol, served as positive controls. It was found that in the full initiation/promotion regimen both 2-AAF and fenarimol induced the increase of GGTase activity in the liver and formation of GGTase-positive hepatocytes. However the exposure to fenarimol alone also increased GGTase activity, although this response was not observed in rats exposed to 2-AAF alone. The possible mechanisms and explanation for such types of responses were discussed, and conclusion has been drawn that fenarimol did not affect the rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by PH and DEN.
The classification of the bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae has undergone significant changes over the last 30 years. Initially, from the 1950s onwards, the genus Chlamydia (C.) included only two species: C. trachomatis and C. psittaci. Later, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, another two species, C. pneumonia and C. pecorum, were isolated from the existing species C. psittaci. The year 1999 saw a revolution in the chlamydial taxonomy: since, on the basis of molecular research, two genera were distinguished: the genus Chlamydia with 3 species (C. trachomatis, C. suis, C. muridarum) and the genus Chlamydophila (Cp.) with 6 species (Cp. psittaci, Cp. pneumoniae, Cp. pecorum, Cp. abortus, Cp. felis, Cp. caviae). In the last 2-3 years, further molecular studies have shown that, in fact, the Chlamydiaceae family comprises a single genus Chlamydia with 9 species. In this paper we present the changes that have occurred in the Chlamydia genus according to Bergey’s bacterial taxonomy. The paper also presents the history of the nomenclature of those bacteria and short descriptions of the nine species of Chlamydia, including the most recent data.
В 1985 г. было приобретано от земледельцев из индивидуальных и обобществленных хозяйств почти 3 миллиона голов скота, 124 тыс. телят, сверх 0,5 миллиона овец, свыше 13 миллионов свиней, а также свыше 97 тыс. лошадей. Во время исследования перед и после забоя отмечено симптомы либо болезненные изменения у 33,90% приобретенных животных, в том у 41,43% скота, 30,61% телят, 21,34% овец, 32,85% свиней и 20,23% лошадей. Признано негодыми, частично пригодными либо менее ценными свыше 3% всех подвергнутых забою животных. Конфискату оценено на ок. 43 тыс. тонн. Причиной конфискат являлись, м.пр.: опухолевые изменения (у скота 0.09%, у свиней 0,001%, у лошадей 1,39%), актиномикоз и ботриомикоз (у скота 0.07%, у свиней 0,04%), цистицеркоз (у скота 0,81%, у свиней 0,002%). эхинококкоз (у скота 0,04%, у овец 1,08%, у свиней 5,35%, у лошадей 0,20%), печеночную двуустку (у скота 14,82%, у овец 4,50%), туберкулезные либо туберкулезовидные изменения (у скота 0,12%, у свиней 1,18%). Значительное число туш было исключено из потребления вследствие исхудания и гидремии, а также забоя в агонии, недостаточного обескровливания либо падежа в транспорте.
The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of splenic diseases in dogs. 97 samples of spleen tissues and spleen tumors were obtained during laparotomy in veterinary clinics and send for histopathological evaluation. The medical records were reviewed for sex, breed and age of animals and type of steated splenomegaly (diffuse or nodular). The tissue samples for histopathology were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5-6 µm, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin method or others if needed. Primary and metastatic tumors of the spleen were the most commonly determined pathology (57% splenic lesions), nonneoplastic ones were more seldom observed. The most common type of splenic tumors was haemangiosarcoma (40% of splenic neoplasms), then spindle cellular sarcomas (24%), lymphomas (16%), more seldom were haemangiomas and metastatic tumors. Hemangiosarcomas were observed most commonly in male German shepherd dogs, 10 years of age. The majority of nonneoplastic lesions determined diffuse or local circulatory disturbances and hematomas, hyperplastic changes were rarely observed. The association between type of splenomegaly and kind of splenic lesions was not determined, but the nodular splenomegaly was more frequently observed in cases of hematomas and neoplasms of endothelial origin.
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