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The floral investigation conducted in the zone of scarps of midfield water basins of opened water located on the area of the Wełtynska Plain, differentiated the greatest area occupied by meadow species. The second largest group were rushes. Also, great number was taken place by family grass and composites. The reason for such distribution was high differentiation of humid habitats. The flora was dominated by hemicryptophytes and geophytes. The researched area, in respect of geographical division, was predominated by Euro-Siberian, cosmopolitan and connecting species. Because of great floral variety in the zone of scarps farmers should consider relingvishing their agrotechnical interventions in the area discussed.
The aim of the works is to evaluate the effect of habitat factors frequency of moving the grassland on mineral soil, supplied with ground water, on the use of water during the period of grass vegetation. The consumption of water by grassland was expressed by the level of evapotranspiration acc. to lysimetric ET measurements in the years 1973-1993 on the objects of the Experimental Plant of Land Reclamation and Grasslands in Falenty. The studies demonstrated the highly statistically significant effect of all the factors which determined the level of the crop on ET variability. The level of water use by grass community was principally affected by the method of management. Pasture management (moving the cover 6 times) causes the decrease of water use by meadow cover during the vegetation period by 30% and the decrease of hay yield by 40% in comparison to 3-times moving management. Under the conditions of the conducted studies a deficit in air humidity has a highly significant effect on ET variability of grasses in relation to the analysed climate conditions. Then, ET variability was modified by precipitations and air temperature. The studies on the objects with permanent mirror of the ground water showed the statistically significant differentiation of ET level of grass community in the particular outgrowths and the years of the studies, depending on the depth of this mirror.
The aim of the studies carried out in the years 1986-1998 was determination of habitat factors, which are favourable for Lolium perenne persistency on peat-muck soils. The investigations were conducted in three experiments established on meadows and pastures. Two of them were set up after conventional tillage, another one by direct reseeding of seed mixtures in the old sward with special seeders. Lolium perenne was one of the mixture components. Content of that species in the mixture depended on kind of experiment and ranged 15-50%. There was confirmed that perennial ryegrass can be useful to grass communities on moderately moist peat-muck soils, especially for pasture use. Regeneration of that species after frost killing was faster under pasture utilization. Favourable thermal conditions at winter and moderate moisture of soil, preceding winter period, and also adequate method of grassland reseeding are the factors affecting good persistency of Lolium perenne in the sward on peat-muck soils. To avoid perennial ryegrass domination in the sward in sowing year content that species in the mixture should not exceed 20%.
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